Pathways

Bendroflumethiazide (also known as bendrofluazide (BAN) or Aprinox) is an organic compound that used for diuretic. It can inhibit the solute carrier family 12 member 3 (also known as sodium-chloride symporter) in the nephron to prevent water reabsorption. Solute carrier family 12 member 3 is also used for sodium reabsorption that count for 5% of total amount. Solute carrier family 12 member 3 transports chloride and sodium from lumen to epithelial cell, and sodium/potassium ATPases facilitate the export of sodium to basolateral interstitium to provide sodium gradient that will increase the osmolarity in interstitium, which lead to establishment of osmotic gradient for water reabsorption.

Bendroflumethiazide is an oral diuretic drug that acts in the kidney, specifically in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is used to treat conditions such as familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the regulation of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and magnesium occurs. In epithelial cells of the DCT, the basolateral membrane consists of the Na+/K+ ATPase, which pumps Na+ into the interstitium-blood area and K+ into the epithelial cell; the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which pumps Na+ into the cell and Ca2+ into the interstitium-blood; and the chloride transporter which transports chloride into the interstitium-blood. The apical membrane contains a calcium channel that transports calcium from the lumen into the epithelial cell, a potassium channel that transports K+ out of the epithelial cell, and a Na+/Cl- cotransporter which transports Na+ and Cl- into the epithelial cell. Bendroflumethiazide targets this Na+/Cl- cotransporter. Bendroflumethiazide is transported from the blood into the epithelial cells, then is transported into the urine through the multidrug-resistant associated protein-4. In the lumen, it has access to the Na+/Cl- transporter and inhibits it preventing Na+ reabsorption. The inhibition of Na+ reabsorption results in a low cytosolic concentration of Na+ and increases the solute concentration of the lumen. This decreases the lumen-epithelial cell concentration gradient and as a result, less water would be reabsorbed from the urine. This effect is valued in conditions such as hypertension because it allows more water to be excreted in the urine rather than be absorbed in the blood which increases blood volume. Side effects such as thirst, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, constipation, joint pain, feeling faint or dizzy, unexpected weight loss, frequent thrush, bladder or skin infections, tiredness, blurred vision can occur from taking bendroflumethiazide. This drug is administered as an oral tablet.

Bendroflumethiazide is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Bendroflumethiazide passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.

Metabolites of Benfotiamine are predicted with biotransformer.

Metabolites of Benorilate are predicted with biotransformer.