PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW144971 View Pathway	drug action Benzonatate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:49 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:49
PW145976 View Pathway	drug action Benzoyl peroxide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:06 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:06
PW128607 View Pathway	drug action Benzphetamine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor Action Pathway Homo sapiens Benzphetamine, commonly known as Didrex, is a sympathomimetic used to treat exogenous obesity. It has properties similar to dextroamphetamine. This drug can be used as a short-term treatment of obesity when combined with altered lifestyle factors. Benzphetamine stimulates the nervous system and suppresses the appetite through the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, which prolongs their duration in the synapse so that they can bind more readily to the receptors. This drug can inhibit cocaine binding sites at the dopamine transporters. The mechanism is not fully understood, but may be similar to other dopamine reuptake inhibitors where Benzphetamine would cross the blood-brain barrier through diffusion. Dopamine is synthesized in the ventral tegmental area of the brain from tyrosine being synthesized into L-dopa by the enzyme Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase . L-Dopa is then synthesized into dopamine with the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine then travels to the prefrontal cortex, which is released into the synapse when the neuron is stimulated and fires. Benzphetamine binds to the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, preventing dopamine from re-entering the presynaptic neuron. The dopamine then binds to Dopamine D4 receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The dopamine D4 receptor activates the Gi protein cascade which inhibits adenylate cyclase. This prevents adenylate cyclase from catalyzing ATP into cAMP. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ashley Zubkowski Created On: September 06, 2023 at 14:24 Last Updated: September 06, 2023 at 14:24
PW144969 View Pathway	drug action Benzphetamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:49 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:49
PW176661 View Pathway	drug action Benzquinamide H1 Antihistamine Smooth Muscle Relaxation Action Pathway Homo sapiens Benzquinamide is a discontinued antiemetic compound with antihistaminic, mild anticholinergic, and sedative properties. The mechanism of action is not known, but presumably benzquinamide works via antagonism of muscarinic acetycholine receptors and histamine H1 receptors. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. Allergies causes blood vessel dilation which causes swelling (edema) and fluid leakage. Benzquinamide also inhibits the H1 histamine receptor on bronchiole smooth muscle myocytes. This normally activates the Gq signalling cascade which activates phospholipase C which catalyzes the production of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Diacylglycerol (DAG). Because of the inhibition, IP3 doesn't activate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and DAG doesn't activate the release of calcium into the cytosol of the endothelial cell. This causes a low concentration of calcium in the cytosol, and it, therefore, cannot bind to calmodulin. Calcium bound calmodulin is required for the activation of myosin light chain kinase. This prevents the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 3, causing an accumulation of myosin light chain 3. This causes muscle relaxation, opening up the bronchioles in the lungs, making breathing easier. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: December 19, 2023 at 13:10 Last Updated: December 19, 2023 at 13:10
PW176754 View Pathway	drug action Benzquinamide H1-Antihistamine Blood Vessel Constriction Action Pathway Homo sapiens Benzquinamide is a discontinued antiemetic compound with antihistaminic, mild anticholinergic, and sedative properties. The mechanism of action is not known, but presumably benzquinamide works via antagonism of muscarinic acetycholine receptors and histamine H1 receptors. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: December 19, 2023 at 14:16 Last Updated: December 19, 2023 at 14:16
PW127961 View Pathway	drug action Benzthiazide Action Pathway Homo sapiens Benzthiazide is a diuretic that acts by promoting water loss from the body. This drug is used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. They act on the kidneys by inhibiting the sodium-chloride reabsorption (via the Na+/Cl- cotransporter) from its early distal tubules. This inhibition of the cotransporter results in the increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and, in consequence, water. At the same time, it inhibits sodium transport across the renal tubular epithelium (by binding the Na+/Cl- cotransporter). In consequence, this will increase potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The exact name of the inhibited transporter is the solute carrier family 12 member 3. The antihypertensive function of the drug is not well defined, but it is thought to act by the drug inhibition on the carbonic anhydrase or on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (kCa) channel, in the smooth muscles. An overdose of benzthiazide would result in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and urinary problems. This drug is administered as an oral tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: June 22, 2023 at 13:35 Last Updated: June 22, 2023 at 13:35
PW144679 View Pathway	drug action Benzthiazide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:11 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:11
PW176191 View Pathway	metabolic Benzthiazide Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Benzthiazide are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 04, 2023 at 12:30 Last Updated: December 04, 2023 at 12:30
PW145964 View Pathway	drug action Benzydamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:04 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:04