Pathways

Sulfameter, also known as sulfamethoxydiazine, is a long-acting antibacterial from the sulfonamide drug class. This drug is indicated in the treatment of leprosy, and urinary, and respiratory tract infections. It shows bacteriostatic effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sulfameter is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. This enzyme does the condensation of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to produce folic acids. Without the synthesis of folate, the bacteria can not grow (bacteriostatic). Sulfameter is given orally as a tablet.

Metabolites of Sulfameter are predicted with biotransformer.

Sulfamethazine is an antibacterial agent from the sulfanilamide drug class. It is used as a treatment for various bacterial infections, such as bronchitis, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections. Sulfamethazine inhibits the dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme. This protein does the condensation of pteridine and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to produce tetrahydrofolic acid (THF). THF is required for the synthesis of purine. The resulting inhibition causes the bacteria to be unable to grow (bacteriostatic). This drug is administered as an oral tablet.

Metabolites of Sulfamethazine are predicted with biotransformer.

Sulfamethizole is a synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotic from the sulfonamide drug class. It has a broad spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. This drug inhibits the replication of the infecting bacteria by competitively binding the dihydropteroate synthase protein. This enzyme catalyzes one of the reactions of the folic acid metabolism acid. With this inhibition, the bacteria can't synthesize folic acid, an essential component for their growth (DNA). The inhibition causes the bacteria not to be able to replicate anymore but does not cause their death. It is administered as an oral capsule.

Sulfamethoxazole is an oral sulfonamide antibiotic, given in combination with trimethoprim, used to treat a variety of infections of the urinary tract, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. Sulfamethoxazole is a bacteriostatic sulfonamide antibiotic that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It is generally given in combination with trimethoprim, which inhibits a sequential step in bacterial folic acid synthesis - these agents work synergistically to block two consecutive steps in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins which are necessary for bacterial growth and division, and using them in conjunction helps to slow the development of bacterial resistance. Sulfamethoxazole is indicated in combination with trimethoprim, in various formulations, for the following infections caused by bacteria with documented susceptibility: urinary tract infections, acute otitis media in pediatric patients (when clinically indicated), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults, enteritis caused by susceptible Shigella, prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, and travelers' diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial dihydrofolic acid synthesis due to its structural similarity to an endogenous substrate, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Most bacteria meet their need for folic acid by synthesizing it from PABA, as opposed to Animalia that require exogenous folic acid sources. Sulfamethoxazole competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, the enzyme responsible for bacterial conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid. Inhibition of this pathway prevents the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate and, ultimately, the synthesis of bacterial purines and DNA, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. Common side effects include loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting/dyspepsia, painful or swollen tongue, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, insomnia, rash/urticaria, anorexia, photosensitivity.