PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145120 View Pathway	drug action Phylloquinone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:07 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:07
PW126620 View Pathway	drug action Physostigmine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Physostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat glaucoma and anticholinergic toxicity. It is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. In the neuron, acetylcholine is synthesized form acetyl-coa and choline, and stored into synaptic vesicles. When an action potential arrives at the nerve terminal, voltage gated calcium channels open leading to an influx of calcium ions into the neuron. This triggers the docking of the synaptic vesicle and release of acetylcholine into the synapse. Acetylcholine acts on M3 receptors on the post synaptic membrane. M3 receptors are coupled to Gq signaling cascade. The downstream signaling causes the ciliary muscle of the eye to contract. This increase results in increased aqueous humor flow and a decrease in intraocular pressure. The acetylcholine in the synapse is cleared rapidly by acetylcholinesterase which breaks acetylcholine down into choline and acetate. Choline is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron and recycled to produce more acetylcholine. Physostigmine inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which normally breaks down acetylcholine. The main pharmacological actions of this drug are believed to occur as the result of this enzyme inhibition, enhancing cholinergic transmission. Common adverse effects include nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, lacrimation, dyspnea, miosis, sweating. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: January 30, 2022 at 23:34 Last Updated: January 30, 2022 at 23:34
PW127962 View Pathway	drug action Physostigmine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Physostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat glaucoma, once administered it is rapidly absorbed and can travel across membranes even the blood-brain barrier. Physostigmine acts on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and inhibits it so it cannot break down acetylcholine. By doing so it keeps acetylcholine available within the synaptic cleft continuing to act on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: June 22, 2023 at 14:44 Last Updated: June 22, 2023 at 14:44
PW128218 View Pathway	drug action Physostigmine Action Pathway (new) Homo sapiens Physostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat glaucoma, once administered it is rapidly absorbed and can travel across membranes even the blood-brain barrier. Physostigmine acts on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and inhibits it so it cannot break down acetylcholine. By doing so it keeps acetylcholine available within the synaptic cleft continuing to act on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: August 03, 2023 at 15:27 Last Updated: August 03, 2023 at 15:27
PW145079 View Pathway	drug action Physostigmine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:02 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:02
PW176398 View Pathway	metabolic Physostigmine Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Physostigmine are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 07, 2023 at 16:48 Last Updated: December 07, 2023 at 16:48
PW088409 View Pathway	metabolic Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation Drosophila melanogaster Phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid, is an important component of fatty acid intake, occuring in meat, fish and dairy products. Due to its methylation, it cannot be a substrate for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cannot enter the mitochondrial beta oxidation pathway. Phytanic acid is instead activated to its CoA ester form by a CoA synthetase to phytanoyl-CoA, where it can begin the first cycle of alpha oxidation. Phytanoyl-CoA is a substrate for a specific alpha-hydroxylase (Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase), which adds a hydroxyl group to the α-carbon of phytanic acid, creating the 19-carbon homologue, pristanic acid. Pristanic acid then undergoes further metabolism through beta oxidation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 15:51 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 15:51
PW064633 View Pathway	metabolic Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation Mus musculus Phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid, is an important component of fatty acid intake, occuring in meat, fish and dairy products. Due to its methylation, it cannot be a substrate for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cannot enter the mitochondrial beta oxidation pathway. Phytanic acid is instead activated to its CoA ester form by a CoA synthetase to phytanoyl-CoA, where it can begin the first cycle of alpha oxidation. Phytanoyl-CoA is a substrate for a specific alpha-hydroxylase (Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase), which adds a hydroxyl group to the α-carbon of phytanic acid, creating the 19-carbon homologue, pristanic acid. Pristanic acid then undergoes further metabolism through beta oxidation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: January 21, 2018 at 22:38 Last Updated: January 21, 2018 at 22:38
PW088331 View Pathway	metabolic Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation Rattus norvegicus Phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid, is an important component of fatty acid intake, occuring in meat, fish and dairy products. Due to its methylation, it cannot be a substrate for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cannot enter the mitochondrial beta oxidation pathway. Phytanic acid is instead activated to its CoA ester form by a CoA synthetase to phytanoyl-CoA, where it can begin the first cycle of alpha oxidation. Phytanoyl-CoA is a substrate for a specific alpha-hydroxylase (Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase), which adds a hydroxyl group to the α-carbon of phytanic acid, creating the 19-carbon homologue, pristanic acid. Pristanic acid then undergoes further metabolism through beta oxidation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 13:49 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 13:49
PW088464 View Pathway	metabolic Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation Caenorhabditis elegans Phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid, is an important component of fatty acid intake, occuring in meat, fish and dairy products. Due to its methylation, it cannot be a substrate for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cannot enter the mitochondrial beta oxidation pathway. Phytanic acid is instead activated to its CoA ester form by a CoA synthetase to phytanoyl-CoA, where it can begin the first cycle of alpha oxidation. Phytanoyl-CoA is a substrate for a specific alpha-hydroxylase (Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase), which adds a hydroxyl group to the α-carbon of phytanic acid, creating the 19-carbon homologue, pristanic acid. Pristanic acid then undergoes further metabolism through beta oxidation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 17:09 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 17:09