PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145644 View Pathway	drug action Palovarotene Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:17 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:17
PW124395 View Pathway	drug action Pamidronate Homo sapiens Pamidronic acid is a second generation, nitrogen containing bisphosphonate similar to neridronic acid and alendronic acid. Pamidronic acid was first described in the literature in 1977. The second generation bisphosphonates are less common as third generation bisphosphonates, such as ibandronic acid, zoledronic acid, minodronic acid, and risedronic acid are becoming more popular. Bisphosphonates are taken into the bone where they bind to hydroxyapatite. Bone resorption by osteoclasts causes local acidification, releasing the bisphosphonate, which is taken into the osteoclast by fluid-phase endocytosis. Endocytic vesicles become acidified, releasing bisphosphonates into the cytosol of osteoclasts where they act. Osteoclasts mediate resorption of bone. When osteoclasts bind to bone they form podosomes, ring structures of F-actin. Disruption of the podosomes causes osteoclasts to detach from bones, preventing bone resorption. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates such as pamidronate are known to induce apoptosis of hematopoietic tumor cells by inhibiting the components of the mevalonate pathway farnesyl diphosphate synthase, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate. These components are essential for post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins like Rap1. The lack of prenylation of these proteins interferes with their function, and in the case of Rap1, leads to apoptosis. pamidronate also activated caspases 3 and 9 which further contribute to apoptosis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: December 15, 2020 at 15:29 Last Updated: December 15, 2020 at 15:29
PW000273 View Pathway	drug action Pamidronate Action Pathway Homo sapiens Ibandronate (also named ibandronate sodium) is a type of medication that used to treat numbers of bone diseases because of its affinity for hydroxyapatite. Ibandronate targets farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase by inhibiting the function of this enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, which prevent the biosynthesis of Geranyl-PP and farnesyl pyrophosphate. Geranyl-PP and farnesyl pyrophosphate are important for geranylgeranylation and farnesylation of GTPase signalling proteins. Lack of Geranyl-PP and farnesyl pyrophosphate will result in decreased rate of bond resorption and turnover as well as block the osteoclast activity, which lead to an increasing mass gain in bone (i.e. net gain in bone mass). BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW127914 View Pathway	drug action Pamidronate Action Pathway (new) Homo sapiens Pamidronate also known as pamidronic acid is a second-generation bisphosphonate used to treat Paget's disease, hypercalcemia and osteolytic bone lesions. It acts by binding to hydroxyapatite, during bone resorption it releases pamidronate which is then taken up by osteoclast by endocytosis. Whilst in the cytosol of the osteoclast it goes to inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. By inhibiting these enzymes they cannot go on to generate the components necessary for prenylation of proteins, interfering with this process leads to apoptosis of the osteoclast. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: June 19, 2023 at 12:47 Last Updated: June 19, 2023 at 12:47
PW147107 View Pathway	metabolic Pamidronate Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Gadoversetamide is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Gadoversetamide passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 11, 2023 at 09:28 Last Updated: October 11, 2023 at 09:28
PW132347 View Pathway	metabolic Pamidronic acid Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Pamidronic acid is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Pamidronic acid passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 21:04 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 21:04
PW120603 View Pathway	physiological Pancreas Function Bos taurus The pancreas is crucial in many organisms for properly converting food into usable fuel to be used by cells. It acts as part of the digestive system for a majority of its function as it is connected to the stomach and provides digestive enzymes to the partly digested food brought in by the stomach. The pancreas also serves as an endocrine component, by creating hormones to regulate blood sugar. Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas, acts to lower blood sugar, which is very important as it allows cells in the body to use sugar without inducing hyperglycaemia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 14:07 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 14:07
PW120595 View Pathway	physiological Pancreas Function Mus musculus The pancreas is crucial in many organisms for properly converting food into usable fuel to be used by cells. It acts as part of the digestive system for a majority of its function as it is connected to the stomach and provides digestive enzymes to the partly digested food brought in by the stomach. The pancreas also serves as an endocrine component, by creating hormones to regulate blood sugar. Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas, acts to lower blood sugar, which is very important as it allows cells in the body to use sugar without inducing hyperglycaemia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 14:04 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 14:04
PW000619 View Pathway	physiological Pancreas Function Homo sapiens The pancreas is crucial in many organisms for properly converting food into usable fuel to be used by cells. It acts as part of the digestive system for a majority of its function as it is connected to the stomach and provides digestive enzymes to the partly digested food brought in by the stomach. The pancreas also serves as an endocrine component, by creating hormones to regulate blood sugar. Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas (beta cells), acts to lower blood sugar, which is very important as it allows cells in the body to use sugar without inducing hyperglycaemia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 17, 2013 at 11:21 Last Updated: September 17, 2013 at 11:21
PW120620 View Pathway	physiological Pancreas Function Rattus norvegicus The pancreas is crucial in many organisms for properly converting food into usable fuel to be used by cells. It acts as part of the digestive system for a majority of its function as it is connected to the stomach and provides digestive enzymes to the partly digested food brought in by the stomach. The pancreas also serves as an endocrine component, by creating hormones to regulate blood sugar. Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas, acts to lower blood sugar, which is very important as it allows cells in the body to use sugar without inducing hyperglycaemia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 14:09 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 14:09