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Pathways

PathWhiz ID Pathway Meta Data

PW176319

Pw176319 View Pathway
metabolic

Alprazolam Predicted Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of sildenafil are predicted with biotransformer.

PW144529

Pw144529 View Pathway
drug action

Alprazolam Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW126589

Pw126589 View Pathway
drug action

Alprazolam Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine with intermediate onset commonly used to treat panic disorders and generalized anxiety in addition to anxiety associated with depression. Alprazolam is also indicated, either as a standard or extended-release formulation, for the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Alprazolam may also be prescribed off-label for insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, and depression. . Alprazolam allosterically binds on the benzodiazepine receptors in the post-synaptic GABA-A ligand-gated chloride channel in different sites of the central nervous system (CNS). This binding will result in an increase on the GABA inhibitory effects which is translated as an increase in the flow of chloride ions into the cell causing hyperpolarization and stabilization of the cellular plasma membrane. Benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, this activity consequently facilitates various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.

PW146731

Pw146731 View Pathway
drug action

alpha-Tocopherol succinate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW146733

Pw146733 View Pathway
drug action

alpha-Tocopherol acetate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW122524

Pw122524 View Pathway
metabolic

alpha-Linolenic Acid Metabolism

Arabidopsis thaliana
alpha-Linolenic acid is a poly-unsaturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. Its primary role in Arabidopsis thaliana is in being a precursor of the phytohormone jasmonic acid. Being a precursor for jasmonic acid, it plays a role in gene responses to feeding from insects. It is also a precursor to other molecules involved in defense signalling such as cis-3-hexenyl acetate. alpha-Linolenic acid itself modulates gene transcription in response to hyperosmotic salinity, heat acclimation, and oxidative stress. alpha-Linolenic acid is released from the hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine membrane lipid. It then has a hydroperoxy group added by a dioxygenase in either the 2, 9, or 13 position to form 2(R)-HPOT, 9(S)-HPOT, or 13(S)-HPOT respectively. The oxidation of alpha-linolenic acid to 13(S)-HPOT is the first step in the jasmonic acid synthesis and leads to that separate pathway. 2(R)-HPOT is formed in an oil body and undergoes a spontaneous decarboxylation to form a heptadecatrienal. 9(S)-HPOT, or 13(S)-HPOT are both formed in a chloroplast and cleaved by probable inactive linolenate hydroperoxide lyase to form an aldehyde and an oxo-carboxylic acid. The hexenal from 13(S)-HPOT is reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase class-P to form a hexenol, which undergoes an esterification with acetyl-CoA to form 3-hexenyl acetate.

PW144275

Pw144275 View Pathway
drug action

alpha-Linolenic acid Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW146757

Pw146757 View Pathway
drug action

alpha-Arbutin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW132280

Pw132280 View Pathway
metabolic

alpha-Arbutin Drug Metabolism

Homo sapiens
alpha-Arbutin is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. alpha-Arbutin passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.

PW146772

Pw146772 View Pathway
drug action

alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens