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Matched Description: acid, resulting in a fumaric acid and ubiquinol. Ubiquinone interacts with succinic acid through a … cofactors, ferroheme b, 2FE-2S, FAD, and 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster. Then 2 ubiquinol interact with … oxygen and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-I terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion … transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which … and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-II terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion

Matched Description: acid, resulting in a fumaric acid and ubiquinol. Ubiquinone interacts with succinic acid through a … cofactors, ferroheme b, 2FE-2S, FAD, and 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster. Then 2 ubiquinol interact with … oxygen and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-I terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion … transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which … and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-II terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion

Matched Description: , such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular … sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium (140 mM … ) concentrations. Conversely, extracellular concentrations of sodium (140 mM) and calcium (1.8 mM) are relatively … high and extracellular potassium concentrations are low (5 mM). At rest, the cardiac cell membrane … is impermeable to sodium and calcium ions, but is permeable to potassium ions via inward rectifier

Matched Description: , such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular … sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium (140 mM … ) concentrations. Conversely, extracellular concentrations of sodium (140 mM) and calcium (1.8 mM) are relatively … high and extracellular potassium concentrations are low (5 mM). At rest, the cardiac cell membrane … is impermeable to sodium and calcium ions, but is permeable to potassium ions via inward rectifier

Matched Description: chemical group, and 10 refers to the isoprenyl chemical subunits. Ubiquinone is a carrier of hydrogen … atoms (protons plus electrons) and functions as an ubiquitous coenzyme in redox reactions, where it … is first reduced to the enzyme-bound intermediate radical semiquinone and in a second reduction to … -chondrial membrane and in other membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi vesicles, lysosomes and

Matched Description: , arousal, cognition, and reward. The mesolimbic pathway is the main pathway associated with reward … , and the dopaminergic neurons of this pathway are found in the substantia nigra (SNc) and ventral … . The D1-class (D1 and D5) receptors stimulate cAMP production by activating adenylyl cyclase, which … activates the reward pathway. The D2-class (D2, D3, and D4) subtypes act oppositely, inhibiting cAMP

Matched Description: as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium … (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium (140 mM) concentrations … . Conversely, extracellular concentrations of sodium (140 mM) and calcium (1.8 mM) are relatively … high and extracellular potassium concentrations are low (5 mM). At rest, the cardiac cell membrane is … impermeable to sodium and calcium ions, but is permeable to potassium ions via inward rectifier

Matched Description: metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GUSB gene. This gene encodes … increase in cell size causes tissues and organs to become enlarged as well. This disorder is … characterized by macrocephaly, a buildup of fluid in the brain, characteristic facial features, and a large … tongue. Other symptoms may include hepatosplenomegaly, heart valve abnormalities, and umbilical or … inguinal hernias. MPS VII also causes various skeletal abnormalities, including joint issues and

Matched Description: pyruvaldehyde (methylglyoxal), a potentially toxic metabolite due to its interaction with nucleic acids and … and protein metabolism. Pyruvaldehyde is catalyzed by the glyoxylase system, composed of the enzymes … lactoylglutathione lyase (glyoxalase I) and glyoxylase II. Glyoxalase I catalyes the isomerization of … the spontaneously formed hemithioacetal adduct between glutathione and pyruvaldehyde into S … -lactoylglutathione. S-lactoylglutathione is then catalyzed by glyoxalase II into D-lactic acid and

Matched Description: chemical group, and 10 refers to the isoprenyl chemical subunits. Ubiquinone is a carrier of hydrogen … atoms (protons plus electrons) and functions as an ubiquitous coenzyme in redox reactions, where it … is first reduced to the enzyme-bound intermediate radical semiquinone and in a second reduction to … -chondrial membrane and in other membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi vesicles, lysosomes and