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Pathway Description
Glycine N-Methyltransferase Deficiency
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Disease
Created: 2013-08-01
Last Updated: 2022-11-22
Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency, also called GNMT deficiency, is an autosomal recessive disorder of methionine metabolism caused by a defective glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). GNMT catalyzes the conversion of glycine into N-methylglycine (sarcosine) using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM or AdoMet). This disorder is characterized by a large accumulation of methionine in the plasma and transaminases in the serum. Symptoms of the disorder include hepatomegaly.
References
Glycine N-Methyltransferase Deficiency References
[Uniprot: Q14749](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q14749)
[OMIM: Entry 606664](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=606664)
Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (2nd ed) (2007) p.48 Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft
Luka Z, Cerone R, Phillips JA 3rd, Mudd HS, Wagner C: Mutations in human glycine N-methyltransferase give insights into its role in methionine metabolism. Hum Genet. 2002 Jan;110(1):68-74. doi: 10.1007/s00439-001-0648-4. Epub 2001 Dec 7.
Pubmed: 11810299
Mudd SH, Cerone R, Schiaffino MC, Fantasia AR, Minniti G, Caruso U, Lorini R, Watkins D, Matiaszuk N, Rosenblatt DS, Schwahn B, Rozen R, LeGros L, Kotb M, Capdevila A, Luka Z, Finkelstein JD, Tangerman A, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Wagner C: Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency: a novel inborn error causing persistent isolated hypermethioninaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001 Aug;24(4):448-64.
Pubmed: 11596649
Luka Z, Capdevila A, Mato JM, Wagner C: A glycine N-methyltransferase knockout mouse model for humans with deficiency of this enzyme. Transgenic Res. 2006 Jun;15(3):393-7. doi: 10.1007/s11248-006-0008-1.
Pubmed: 16779654
Methionine Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Garrow TA, Brenner AA, Whitehead VM, Chen XN, Duncan RG, Korenberg JR, Shane B: Cloning of human cDNAs encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferases and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11910-6.
Pubmed: 8505317
Chave KJ, Snell K, Sanders PG: Isolation and characterisation of human genomic sequences encoding cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 Feb;25(1):53S. doi: 10.1042/bst025053s.
Pubmed: 9056951
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Pubmed: 14702039
Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R: Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Mamm Genome. 1998 Aug;9(8):652-6.
Pubmed: 9680386
Ou CY, Stevenson RE, Brown VK, Schwartz CE, Allen WP, Khoury MJ, Rozen R, Oakley GP Jr, Adams MJ Jr: 5,10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism as a risk factor for neural tube defects. Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jun 28;63(4):610-4. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960628)63:4<610::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-L.
Pubmed: 8826441
Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75.
Pubmed: 8940272
Leclerc D, Campeau E, Goyette P, Adjalla CE, Christensen B, Ross M, Eydoux P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R, Gravel RA: Human methionine synthase: cDNA cloning and identification of mutations in patients of the cblG complementation group of folate/cobalamin disorders. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Dec;5(12):1867-74. doi: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1867.
Pubmed: 8968737
Li YN, Gulati S, Baker PJ, Brody LC, Banerjee R, Kruger WD: Cloning, mapping and RNA analysis of the human methionine synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Dec;5(12):1851-8. doi: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1851.
Pubmed: 8968735
Chen LH, Liu ML, Hwang HY, Chen LS, Korenberg J, Shane B: Human methionine synthase. cDNA cloning, gene localization, and expression. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 7;272(6):3628-34.
Pubmed: 9013615
Wang J, Hegele RA: Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). Hum Genet. 2003 Apr;112(4):404-8. doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-0906-8. Epub 2003 Feb 6.
Pubmed: 12574942
Lu Y, O'Dowd BF, Orrego H, Israel Y: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Dec 15;189(2):749-58. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)92265-y.
Pubmed: 1339280
Kraus JP, Oliveriusova J, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Vlcek C, de Franchis R, Maclean KN, Bao L, Bukovsk, Patterson D, Paces V, Ansorge W, Kozich V: The human cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene: complete sequence, alternative splicing, and polymorphisms. Genomics. 1998 Sep 15;52(3):312-24.
Pubmed: 9790750
Kraus JP, Janosik M, Kozich V, Mandell R, Shih V, Sperandeo MP, Sebastio G, de Franchis R, Andria G, Kluijtmans LA, Blom H, Boers GH, Gordon RB, Kamoun P, Tsai MY, Kruger WD, Koch HG, Ohura T, Gaustadnes M: Cystathionine beta-synthase mutations in homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):362-75. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:5<362::AID-HUMU4>3.0.CO;2-K.
Pubmed: 10338090
Kraus JP, Le K, Swaroop M, Ohura T, Tahara T, Rosenberg LE, Roper MD, Kozich V: Human cystathionine beta-synthase cDNA: sequence, alternative splicing and expression in cultured cells. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1633-8. doi: 10.1093/hmg/2.10.1633.
Pubmed: 7903580
Weisberg IS, Park E, Ballman KV, Berger P, Nunn M, Suh DS, Breksa AP 3rd, Garrow TA, Rozen R: Investigations of a common genetic variant in betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Apr;167(2):205-14. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(03)00010-8.
Pubmed: 12818402
Garrow TA: Purification, kinetic properties, and cDNA cloning of mammalian betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 13;271(37):22831-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.37.22831.
Pubmed: 8798461
Park EI, Garrow TA: Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and organization of the human gene. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 19;274(12):7816-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.12.7816.
Pubmed: 10075673
Stanley BA, Pegg AE, Holm I: Site of pyruvate formation and processing of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):21073-9.
Pubmed: 2687270
Pajunen A, Crozat A, Janne OA, Ihalainen R, Laitinen PH, Stanley B, Madhubala R, Pegg AE: Structure and regulation of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):17040-9.
Pubmed: 2460457
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399.
Pubmed: 17974005
Wahlfors J, Alhonen L, Kauppinen L, Hyvonen T, Janne J, Eloranta TO: Human spermidine synthase: cloning and primary structure. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;9(2):103-10. doi: 10.1089/dna.1990.9.103.
Pubmed: 2344393
Myohanen S, Kauppinen L, Wahlfors J, Alhonen L, Janne J: Human spermidine synthase gene: structure and chromosomal localization. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Jul-Aug;10(6):467-74.
Pubmed: 2069720
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. doi: 10.1038/nature04727.
Pubmed: 16710414
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