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Pathway Description
Isovaleric Aciduria
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Disease
Created: 2013-08-01
Last Updated: 2022-11-17
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is caused by mutation in the isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase gene. Isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase is part of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family and is involved in the catabolism of leucine. A defect in this enzyme causes accumulation of ammonia, ketone bodies, Isovaleryl/2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) in blood; carnitine in plasma; creatinine, and glucose in serum; 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid, 4-Hydroxyvaleric acid, acetyltryptophan, glycine, acylcarnitin, isovalerylasparagine, isovalerylglycine, isovaleryllysine, isovalerylhistidine and isovaleryltryptophan in urine. Symptoms include encephalopathy, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, sweaty feet odor, and thrombocytopenia.
References
Isovaleric Aciduria References
[Uniprot: P26440](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P26440)
[OMIM: Entry 243500](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=243500)
Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (2nd ed) (2007) p.58 Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft
Ando T, Nyhan WL, Bachmann C, Rasmussen K, Scott R, Smith EK: Isovaleric acidemia: identification of isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, and 3-hydroxyisovalerate in urine of a patient previously reported as having butyric and hexanoic acidemia. J Pediatr. 1973 Feb;82(2):243-8.
Pubmed: 4684367
Efron ML: Isovaleric acidemia. Am J Dis Child. 1967 Jan;113(1):74-6.
Pubmed: 6015910
Ensenauer R, Vockley J, Willard JM, Huey JC, Sass JO, Edland SD, Burton BK, Berry SA, Santer R, Grunert S, Koch HG, Marquardt I, Rinaldo P, Hahn S, Matern D: A common mutation is associated with a mild, potentially asymptomatic phenotype in patients with isovaleric acidemia diagnosed by newborn screening. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Dec;75(6):1136-42. doi: 10.1086/426318. Epub 2004 Oct 14.
Pubmed: 15486829
Vockley J, Parimoo B, Tanaka K: Molecular characterization of four different classes of mutations in the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene responsible for isovaleric acidemia. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jul;49(1):147-57.
Pubmed: 2063866
Berry GT, Yudkoff M, Segal S: Isovaleric acidemia: medical and neurodevelopmental effects of long-term therapy. J Pediatr. 1988 Jul;113(1 Pt 1):58-64.
Pubmed: 3385530
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Wanders RJ, Duran M, Loupatty FJ: Enzymology of the branched-chain amino acid oxidation disorders: the valine pathway. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Jan;35(1):5-12. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9236-x. Epub 2010 Nov 23.
Pubmed: 21104317
Wang YP, Qi ML, Li TT, Zhao YJ: Two novel mutations in the BCKDHB gene (R170H, Q346R) cause the classic form of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Gene. 2012 Apr 25;498(1):112-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.082. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
Pubmed: 22326532
Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI114690.
Pubmed: 2365818
Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7.
Pubmed: 8651316
Park HD, Lee DH, Hong YH, Kang DH, Lee YK, Song J, Lee SY, Kim JW, Ki CS, Lee YW: Three Korean patients with maple syrup urine disease: four novel mutations in the BCKDHA gene. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2011 Spring;41(2):167-73.
Pubmed: 21844576
McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90149-t.
Pubmed: 1420356
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Feigenbaum AS, Robinson BH: The structure of the human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene (DLD) and its upstream elements. Genomics. 1993 Aug;17(2):376-81. doi: 10.1006/geno.1993.1335.
Pubmed: 8406489
Otulakowski G, Robinson BH: Isolation and sequence determination of cDNA clones for porcine and human lipoamide dehydrogenase. Homology to other disulfide oxidoreductases. J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17313-8.
Pubmed: 3693355
Pons G, Raefsky-Estrin C, Carothers DJ, Pepin RA, Javed AA, Jesse BW, Ganapathi MK, Samols D, Patel MS: Cloning and cDNA sequence of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component human alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1422-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1422.
Pubmed: 3278312
Wang SP, Robert MF, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Mitchell GA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL): mouse and human HL gene (HMGCL) cloning and detection of large gene deletions in two unrelated HL-deficient patients. Genomics. 1996 Apr 1;33(1):99-104. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.0164.
Pubmed: 8617516
Mitchell GA, Robert MF, Hruz PW, Wang S, Fontaine G, Behnke CE, Mende-Mueller LM, Schappert K, Lee C, Gibson KM, Miziorko HM, et al.: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL). Cloning of human and chicken liver HL cDNAs and characterization of a mutation causing human HL deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4376-81.
Pubmed: 8440722
Schuldiner O, Eden A, Ben-Yosef T, Yanuka O, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 9;93(14):7143-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143.
Pubmed: 8692959
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399.
Pubmed: 17974005
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