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Branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system 2
carrier protein
Threonine
dehydratase
biosynthetic
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 2 large
subunit
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 2 small
subunit
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 1 large
subunit
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 1 small
subunit
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 3 large
subunit
Acetolactate
synthase
isozyme 3 small
subunit
Ketol-acid
reductoisomerase
Dihydroxy-acid
dehydratase
Branched-
chain-amino-
acid
aminotransferase
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livF
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livG
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livH
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livM
Leu/Ile/Val-
binding protein
L-Threonine
L-Isoleucine
L-Isoleucine
Na
+
Na
+
H
+
H
2
O
(2Z)-2-
aminobut-2-
enoate
2-
iminobutanoate
H
2
O
H
+
Ammonium
2-Ketobutyric
acid
H
+
Pyruvic acid
CO
2
(S)-2-Aceto- 2-
hydroxybutanoic
acid
NADPH
H
+
NADP
(R) 2,3-
Dihydroxy-3-
methylvalerate
H
2
O
3-Methyl-2-
oxovaleric acid
L-Glutamic acid
Oxoglutaric
acid
2-Keto-3-
methyl-
valerate
L-Isoleucine
ATP
H
2
O
ADP
P
i
H
+
Threonine
Biosynthesis
brnQ
ilvA
ilvG
ilvM
ilvB
ilvN
ilvI
ilvH
ilvC
ilvD
ilvE
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
L-Threonine
L-Isoleucine
L-Isoleucine
Sodium
Sodium
Hydrogen Ion
Water
(2Z)-2-
aminobut-2-
enoate
2-
iminobutanoate
Water
Hydrogen Ion
Ammonium
2-Ketobutyric
acid
Hydrogen Ion
Pyruvic acid
Carbon dioxide
(S)-2-Aceto- 2-
hydroxybutanoic
acid
NADPH
Hydrogen Ion
NADP
(R) 2,3-
Dihydroxy-3-
methylvalerate
Water
3-Methyl-2-
oxovaleric acid
L-Glutamic acid
Oxoglutaric
acid
2-Keto-3-
methyl-
valerate
L-Isoleucine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Threonine
Biosynthesis