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Pathway Description
Fructose Metabolism
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-06-01
Last Updated: 2025-05-08
Fructose metabolism begins with the transport of Beta-D-fructofuranose through a fructose PTS permease, resulting in a Beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate. This compound is phosphorylated by an ATP driven 1-phosphofructokinase resulting in a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound can either react with a fructose bisphosphate aldolase class 1 resulting in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or through a fructose biphosphate aldolase class 2 resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This compound can then either react in a reversible triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or react with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid.
Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.
References
Fructose Metabolism References
Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology (EcoSal). Online edition.
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Nelson K, Whittam TS, Selander RK: Nucleotide polymorphism and evolution in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapA) in natural populations of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 1;88(15):6667-71. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.15.6667.
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Branlant G, Branlant C: Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli gap gene. Different evolutionary behavior of the NAD+-binding domain and of the catalytic domain of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Jul 1;150(1):61-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08988.x.
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Pubmed: 9097039
Alefounder PR, Perham RN: Identification, molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a gene cluster encoding the class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and a putative second glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Jun;3(6):723-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00221.x.
Pubmed: 2546007
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
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Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.
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Spring TG, Wold F: The purification and characterization of Escherichia coli enolase. J Biol Chem. 1971 Nov 25;246(22):6797-802.
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Dannelly HK, Duclos B, Cozzone AJ, Reeves HC: Phosphorylation of Escherichia coli enolase. Biochimie. 1989 Sep-Oct;71(9-10):1095-100. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(89)90116-8.
Pubmed: 2513001
Chandran V, Luisi BF: Recognition of enolase in the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 21;358(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16516921
Niersbach M, Kreuzaler F, Geerse RH, Postma PW, Hirsch HJ: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 ppsA gene, encoding PEP synthase. Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Jan;231(2):332-6. doi: 10.1007/bf00279808.
Pubmed: 1310524
Ohara O, Dorit RL, Gilbert W: Direct genomic sequencing of bacterial DNA: the pyruvate kinase I gene of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):6883-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.6883.
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Hensel M, Shea JE, Baumler AJ, Gleeson C, Blattner F, Holden DW: Analysis of the boundaries of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and the corresponding chromosomal region of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(4):1105-11. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.4.1105-1111.1997.
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Saffen DW, Presper KA, Doering TL, Roseman S: Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Molecular cloning and structural analysis of the Escherichia coli ptsH, ptsI, and crr genes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):16241-53.
Pubmed: 2960675
De Reuse H, Danchin A: The ptsH, ptsI, and crr genes of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: a complex operon with several modes of transcription. J Bacteriol. 1988 Sep;170(9):3827-37. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.9.3827-3837.1988.
Pubmed: 2457575
Yamamoto Y, Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Itoh T, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mitsuhashi N, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Oshima T, Oyama S, Saito N, Sampei G, Satoh Y, Sivasundaram S, Tagami H, Horiuchi T, et al.: Construction of a contiguous 874-kb sequence of the Escherichia coli -K12 genome corresponding to 50.0-68.8 min on the linkage map and analysis of its sequence features. DNA Res. 1997 Apr 28;4(2):91-113. doi: 10.1093/dnares/4.2.91.
Pubmed: 9205837
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000930
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