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Pathway Description
Secondary Metabolites: Threonine Biosynthesis from Aspartate
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-07-15
Last Updated: 2025-11-08
The biosynthesis of threonine starts with L-aspartic acid being phosphorylated by an ATP driven Aspartate kinase resulting in an a release of an ADP and an L-aspartyl-4-phosphate. This compound interacts with a hydrogen ion through an NADPH driven aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase resulting in the release of a phosphate, an NADP and a L-aspartate-semialdehyde.The latter compound interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven aspartate kinase / homoserine dehydrogenase resulting in the release of an NADP and a L-homoserine. L-homoserine is phosphorylated through an ATP driven homoserine kinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a O-phosphohomoserine. The latter compound then interacts with a water molecule threonine synthase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an L-threonine.
References
Secondary Metabolites: Threonine Biosynthesis from Aspartate References
KEGG: http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_module?M00018
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Pubmed: 11368768
COHEN GN, HIRSCH ML: Threonine synthase, a system synthesizing L-threonine from L homoserine. J Bacteriol. 1954 Feb;67(2):182-90.
Pubmed: 13129211
Shames SL, Ash DE, Wedler FC, Villafranca JJ: Interaction of aspartate and aspartate-derived antimetabolites with the enzymes of the threonine biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 25;259(24):15331-9.
Pubmed: 6150934
Dong X, Quinn PJ, Wang X: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of L-threonine. Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Jan-Feb;29(1):11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.009. Epub 2010 Aug 3.
Pubmed: 20688145
Cassan M, Parsot C, Cohen GN, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of lysC gene encoding the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase III of Escherichia coli K12. Evolutionary pathway leading to three isofunctional enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1052-7.
Pubmed: 3003049
Cassan M, Ronceray J, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the E. coli lysC gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 24;11(18):6157-66. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.18.6157.
Pubmed: 6312411
Blattner FR, Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. IV. DNA sequence of the region from 89.2 to 92.8 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Nov 25;21(23):5408-17. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.23.5408.
Pubmed: 8265357
Haziza C, Stragier P, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Escherichia coli: absence of a typical attenuation signal. EMBO J. 1982;1(3):379-84.
Pubmed: 6143662
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Zakin MM, Duchange N, Ferrara P, Cohen GN: Nucleotide sequence of the metL gene of Escherichia coli. Its product, the bifunctional aspartokinase ii-homoserine dehydrogenase II, and the bifunctional product of the thrA gene, aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I, derive from a common ancestor. J Biol Chem. 1983 Mar 10;258(5):3028-31.
Pubmed: 6298218
Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. III. DNA sequence of the region from 87.2 to 89.2 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3391-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.15.3391.
Pubmed: 8346018
Katinka M, Cossart P, Sibilli L, Saint-Girons I, Chalvignac MA, Le Bras G, Cohen GN, Yaniv M: Nucleotide sequence of the thrA gene of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5730-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5730.
Pubmed: 7003595
Cossart P, Katinka M, Yaniv M, Saint Girons I, Cohen GN: Construction and expression of a hybrid plasmid containing the Escherichia coli thrA and thrB genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Aug;175(1):39-44. doi: 10.1007/bf00267853.
Pubmed: 390305
Cossart P, Katinka M, Yaniv M: Nucleotide sequence of the thrB gene of E. coli, and its two adjacent regions; the thrAB and thrBC junctions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):339-47. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.339.
Pubmed: 6259626
Yura T, Mori H, Nagai H, Nagata T, Ishihama A, Fujita N, Isono K, Mizobuchi K, Nakata A: Systematic sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0-2.4 min region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3305-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3305.
Pubmed: 1630901
Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jun 25;23(12):2105-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2105.
Pubmed: 7610040
Parsot C, Cossart P, Saint-Girons I, Cohen GN: Nucleotide sequence of thrC and of the transcription termination region of the threonine operon in Escherichia coli K12. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 11;11(21):7331-45. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.21.7331.
Pubmed: 6316258
Richaud F, Richaud C, Ratet P, Patte JC: Chromosomal location and nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli dapA gene. J Bacteriol. 1986 Apr;166(1):297-300. doi: 10.1128/jb.166.1.297-300.1986.
Pubmed: 3514578
Yamamoto Y, Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Itoh T, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mitsuhashi N, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Oshima T, Oyama S, Saito N, Sampei G, Satoh Y, Sivasundaram S, Tagami H, Horiuchi T, et al.: Construction of a contiguous 874-kb sequence of the Escherichia coli -K12 genome corresponding to 50.0-68.8 min on the linkage map and analysis of its sequence features. DNA Res. 1997 Apr 28;4(2):91-113. doi: 10.1093/dnares/4.2.91.
Pubmed: 9205837
Thaller MC, Schippa S, Bonci A, Cresti S, Rossolini GM: Identification of the gene (aphA) encoding the class B acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase of Escherichia coli MG1655 and characterization of its product. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997 Jan 15;146(2):191-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10192.x.
Pubmed: 9011040
Burns DM, Beacham IR: Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the E. coli ushA gene, encoding periplasmic UDP-sugar hydrolase (5'-nucleotidase): regulation of the ushA gene, and the signal sequence of its encoded protein product. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 May 27;14(10):4325-42. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.10.4325.
Pubmed: 3012467
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000992
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