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Pathway Description
Operon: General Secretory Pathway
Escherichia coli
Category:
Protein Pathway
Sub-Categories:
Transport/Degradation
Cellular Response
Created: 2015-07-21
Last Updated: 2025-01-24
The gspCDEFGHIJKLMO operon in E. coli contains a total of twelve genes, which encode for the proteins that make up the type II secretion system (T2SS) protein. The T2SS is responsible for moving proteins such as toxins and enzymes that cause symptoms associated with bacterial infection across the two cell membranes of the bacteria. This operon is regulated by DNA-binding protein H-NS, which binds to the DNA of the promoter, changing its conformation and preventing the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and transcribing the genes in the operon.
The first gene, gspC, encodes for the putative T2SS protein C, which makes up part of the inner membrane complex of the secretion system, along with the proteins produced by gspF, gspL and gspM. After these, gspD encodes for the putative T2SS protein for export D, which forms a homo-pentadecamer pore in the outer membrane of the bacteria, which allows the exported substances to exit the cell.
gspE encodes protein subunit E, which is the secretion ATPase. This protein binds to ATP and hydrolyzes it, and the energy produced by this is used to construct and deconstruct the pseudopillus, which is involved in the movement of substances across the periplasm and out of the cell.
Another complex that is formed is the pseudopilus, which is made from pseudopilin proteins encoded by gspG, gspH, gspI, gspJ and gspK. These proteins are all activated by the leader peptidase integral membrane protein encoded by gspO, which is found in the inner membrane and allows for the formation of mature pseudopilin proteins.
References
Operon: General Secretory Pathway References
Francetic O, Pugsley AP: The cryptic general secretory pathway (gsp) operon of Escherichia coli K-12 encodes functional proteins. J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(12):3544-9.
Pubmed: 8655552
Yan Z, Yin M, Xu D, Zhu Y, Li X: Structural insights into the secretin translocation channel in the type II secretion system. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2017 Feb;24(2):177-183. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3350. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Pubmed: 28067918
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Francetic O, Pugsley AP: The cryptic general secretory pathway (gsp) operon of Escherichia coli K-12 encodes functional proteins. J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(12):3544-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.12.3544-3549.1996.
Pubmed: 8655552
Stojiljkovic I, Schonherr R, Kusters JG: Identification of the hopG gene, a component of Escherichia coli K-12 type II export system, and its conservation among different pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella isolates. J Bacteriol. 1995 Apr;177(7):1892-5. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.7.1892-1895.1995.
Pubmed: 7896718
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