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D-serine/D-
alanine/glycine
transporter
Proton
glutamate
symport protein
Sodium/glutamate
symport carrier
protein
Glutamate--
cysteine ligase
Glutathione
reductase
Glutathione
S-transferase
Glutathione
S-transferase
Glutathione
S-transferase
Glutathione
S-transferase
Glutathione
S-transferase
Glutathione
synthetase
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
ATP-binding
protein gltL
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltK
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltJ
Glutamate/aspartate
periplasmic-
binding protein
L-Glutamic acid
Glycine
Glycine
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
Na
+
Na
+
ATP
L-Cysteine
ADP
P
i
H
+
γ-
Glutamylcysteine
Oxidized
glutathione
H
+
NADPH
NADP
Glutathione
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
5,6-oxide
1-Nitro-5-
glutathionyl-
6-hydroxy- 5,6-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
5,6-oxide
1-Nitro-5-
hydroxy-6-
glutathionyl-
5,6-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
7,8-oxide
1-Nitro-7-
glutathionyl-
8-hydroxy- 7,8-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
7,8-oxide
1-Nitro-7-
hydroxy-8-
glutathionyl-
7,8-
dihydronaphthalene
2,2-
Dichloroacetaldehyde
S-
(Formylmethyl)glutathione
ATP
H
+
P
i
ADP
ATP
H
2
O
ADP
P
i
H
+
an oxidized
glutaredoxin
a reduced
glutaredoxin
Endocytosis
cycA
gltP
gltS
gshA
gor
gst
gst
gst
gst
gst
gshB
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
L-Glutamic acid
Glycine
Glycine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
Sodium
Sodium
Adenosine
triphosphate
L-Cysteine
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
γ-
Glutamylcysteine
Oxidized
glutathione
Hydrogen Ion
NADPH
NADP
Glutathione
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
5,6-oxide
1-Nitro-5-
glutathionyl-
6-hydroxy- 5,6-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
5,6-oxide
1-Nitro-5-
hydroxy-6-
glutathionyl-
5,6-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
7,8-oxide
1-Nitro-7-
glutathionyl-
8-hydroxy- 7,8-
dihydronaphthalene
1-
Nitronaphthalene-
7,8-oxide
1-Nitro-7-
hydroxy-8-
glutathionyl-
7,8-
dihydronaphthalene
2,2-
Dichloroacetaldehyde
S-
(Formylmethyl)glutathione
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Phosphate
Adenosine
diphosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
an oxidized
glutaredoxin
a reduced
glutaredoxin
Endocytosis