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Pathway Description
TCA Cycle
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-12-08
Last Updated: 2023-10-29
Citric acid cycle (also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and Krebs cycle) contains series of reactions that involved enzyme catalyzation which are essential for all living cells that require oxygen for cellular respiration. In mitochondria (for eukaryotes), TCA cycle begins with acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate) be catalyzed to form citric acid (citrate) by citrate synthase 3. Then, 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase with cofactor 4Fe-4S can catalyze citrate to form cis-aconitic acid as the intermediate compound and catalyze cis-aconitic acid to form isocitric acid. Many TCA cycle intermediates are the precursors for other molecules' synthesis; and NADH (from NAD+) is the major energy that is produced by oxidative steps of the TCA cycle.
References
TCA Cycle References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
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Pubmed: 8433986
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Pubmed: 7813418
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Pubmed: 24374639
Behal RH, Browning KS, Hall TB, Reed LJ: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene for protein X from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(22):8732-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8732.
Pubmed: 2682658
Arroyo J, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Garcia-Saez MI, Sanchez M, Nombela C: The complete sequence of a 9037 bp DNA fragment of the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Yeast. 1995 May;11(6):587-91. doi: 10.1002/yea.320110609.
Pubmed: 7645350
Tettelin H, Agostoni Carbone ML, Albermann K, Albers M, Arroyo J, Backes U, Barreiros T, Bertani I, Bjourson AJ, Bruckner M, Bruschi CV, Carignani G, Castagnoli L, Cerdan E, Clemente ML, Coblenz A, Coglievina M, Coissac E, Defoor E, Del Bino S, Delius H, Delneri D, de Wergifosse P, Dujon B, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):81-4.
Pubmed: 9169869
Collinson LP, Dawes IW: Isolation, characterization and overexpression of the yeast gene, GLR1, encoding glutathione reductase. Gene. 1995 Apr 14;156(1):123-7. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00026-3.
Pubmed: 7737505
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Pubmed: 9169875
Jia YK, Becam AM, Herbert CJ: The CIT3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a second mitochondrial isoform of citrate synthase. Mol Microbiol. 1997 Apr;24(1):53-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3011669.x.
Pubmed: 9140965
Churcher C, Bowman S, Badcock K, Bankier A, Brown D, Chillingworth T, Connor R, Devlin K, Gentles S, Hamlin N, Harris D, Horsnell T, Hunt S, Jagels K, Jones M, Lye G, Moule S, Odell C, Pearson D, Rajandream M, Rice P, Rowley N, Skelton J, Smith V, Barrell B, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IX. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):84-7.
Pubmed: 9169870
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Pubmed: 4284830
Repetto B, Tzagoloff A: Structure and regulation of KGD1, the structural gene for yeast alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2695-705. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2695.
Pubmed: 2503710
Niu XD, Browning KS, Behal RH, Reed LJ: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene for dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(20):7546-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7546.
Pubmed: 3050999
Pohlmann R, Philippsen P: Sequencing a cosmid clone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV reveals 12 new open reading frames (ORFs) and an ancient duplication of six ORFs. Yeast. 1996 Mar 30;12(4):391-402. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19960330)12:4%3C391::AID-YEA921%3E3.0.CO;2-N.
Pubmed: 8701611
Philippsen P, Kleine K, Pohlmann R, Dusterhoft A, Hamberg K, Hegemann JH, Obermaier B, Urrestarazu LA, Aert R, Albermann K, Altmann R, Andre B, Baladron V, Ballesta JP, Becam AM, Beinhauer J, Boskovic J, Buitrago MJ, Bussereau F, Coster F, Crouzet M, D'Angelo M, Dal Pero F, De Antoni A, Del Rey F, Doignon F, Domdey H, Dubois E, Fiedler T, Fleig U, Floeth M, Fritz C, Gaillardin C, Garcia-Cantalejo JM, Glansdorff NN, Goffeau A, Gueldener U, Herbert C, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hinni K, Iraqui Houssaini I, Jacquet M, Jimenez A, Jonniaux JL, Karpfinger L, Lanfranchi G, Lepingle A, Levesque H, Lyck R, Maftahi M, Mallet L, Maurer KC, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Mosti D, Nasr F, Nicaud JM, Niedenthal RK, Pandolfo D, Pierard A, Piravandi E, Planta RJ, Pohl TM, Purnelle B, Rebischung C, Remacha M, Revuelta JL, Rinke M, Saiz JE, Sartorello F, Scherens B, Sen-Gupta M, Soler-Mira A, Urbanus JH, Valle G, Van Dyck L, Verhasselt P, Vierendeels F, Vissers S, Voet M, Volckaert G, Wach A, Wambutt R, Wedler H, Zollner A, Hani J: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV and its evolutionary implications. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):93-8.
Pubmed: 9169873
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