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Pathway Description
Glycolysis I
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-12-16
Last Updated: 2019-08-14
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway with sequence of ten reactions involving ten intermediate compounds that converts glucose to pyruvate. Glycolysis release free energy for forming high energy compound such as ATP and NADH. Glycolysis is consisted of two phases, which one of them is chemical priming phase and second phase is energy-yielding phase. As the starting compound of chemical priming phase, D-glucose can be obtained from galactose metabolism or imported by monosaccharide-sensing protein 1 from outside of cell. D-Glucose is catalyzed by probable hexokinase-like 2 protein to form glucose 6-phosphate which is powered by ATP. Glucose 6-phosphate transformed to fructose 6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, which the later compound will be converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is the last reaction of chemical priming phase by 6-phosphofructokinase with cofactor magnesium, and it is also powered by ATP. Before entering the second phase, aldolase catalyzing the hydrolysis of F1,6BP into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can convert to each other bidirectionally by facilitation of triosephosphate isomerase. The second phase of glycolysis is yielding-energy phase that produce ATP and NADH. At the first step, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is catalyzed to glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD, which also generate NADH. ATP is generated through the reaction that convert glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate to 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 catalyze 3-phosphoglyceric acid to 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid, and alpha-enolase with cofactor magnesium catalyzes 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Eventually, plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 converts phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvate with cofactor magnesium and potassium and ADP. Pyruvate will undergo pyruvate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
References
Glycolysis I References
Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. Biochemistry (5th ed) (2002). W. H. Freeman, New York.
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Hu Y, Rolfs A, Bhullar B, Murthy TV, Zhu C, Berger MF, Camargo AA, Kelley F, McCarron S, Jepson D, Richardson A, Raphael J, Moreira D, Taycher E, Zuo D, Mohr S, Kane MF, Williamson J, Simpson A, Bulyk ML, Harlow E, Marsischky G, Kolodner RD, LaBaer J: Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome Res. 2007 Apr;17(4):536-43. doi: 10.1101/gr.6037607. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
Pubmed: 17322287
Demolis N, Mallet L, Bussereau F, Jacquet M: RIM2, MSI1 and PGI1 are located within an 8 kb segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II, which also contains the putative ribosomal gene L21 and a new putative essential gene with a leucine zipper motif. Yeast. 1993 Jun;9(6):645-59. doi: 10.1002/yea.320090611.
Pubmed: 8346681
Tekamp-Olson P, Najarian R, Burke RL: The isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the phosphoglucoisomerase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1988 Dec 15;73(1):153-61. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90321-6.
Pubmed: 3072254
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Pubmed: 3071735
Heinisch J, Ritzel RG, von Borstel RC, Aguilera A, Rodicio R, Zimmermann FK: The phosphofructokinase genes of yeast evolved from two duplication events. Gene. 1989 May 30;78(2):309-21. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90233-3.
Pubmed: 2528496
Guerreiro P, Azevedo D, Barreiros T, Rodrigues-Pousada C: Sequencing of a 9.9 kb segment on the right arm of yeast chromosome VII reveals four open reading frames, including PFK1, the gene coding for succinyl-CoA synthetase (beta-chain) and two ORFs sharing homology with ORFs of the yeast chromosome VIII. Yeast. 1997 Mar 15;13(3):275-80. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19970315)13:3<275::AID-YEA73>3.0.CO;2-G.
Pubmed: 9090057
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Pubmed: 9169869
Alber T, Kawasaki G: Nucleotide sequence of the triose phosphate isomerase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):419-34.
Pubmed: 6759603
Holland JP, Labieniec L, Swimmer C, Holland MJ: Homologous nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of messenger RNAs synthesized from the yeast enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene families. The primary structure of a third yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 25;258(8):5291-9.
Pubmed: 6833300
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Pubmed: 8641269
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