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Pathway Description
Leloir Pathway
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-01-05
Last Updated: 2024-11-18
The pathway starts with the isomerization of Beta-D-galactose into Alpha-D-galactose through a galactose mutarotase. Alpha-D-galactose is then phosphorylated through an ATP dependent galactokinase resulting in the release of ADP, a hydrogen ion and alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate. The latter compound reacts with UDP glucose which is the result of UTP reacting with alpha-D-glucose through a uridinephosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase. The reaction between alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate and UDP glucose results in the release of glucose 1-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-galactose.
Glucose 1-phosphate can be further isomerized into glucose 6-phosphate, while UDP-alpha-D-galactose can be reverted into UDP glucose through a UDP-epimerase.
References
Leloir Pathway References
Majumdar S, Ghatak J, Mukherji S, Bhattacharjee H, Bhaduri A: UDPgalactose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A bifunctional enzyme with aldose 1-epimerase activity. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Feb;271(4):753-9.
Pubmed: 14764091
Frey PA: The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. FASEB J. 1996 Mar;10(4):461-70.
Pubmed: 8647345
Bajwa W, Torchia TE, Hopper JE: Yeast regulatory gene GAL3: carbon regulation; UASGal elements in common with GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, GAL10, GAL80, and MEL1; encoded protein strikingly similar to yeast and Escherichia coli galactokinases. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3439-47. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.8.3439.
Pubmed: 3062381
Eide LG, Sander C, Prydz H: Sequencing and analysis of a 35.4 kb region on the right [corrected] arm of chromosome IV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal 23 open reading frames. Yeast. 1996 Sep;12(10B Suppl):1085-90. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199609)12:10B%3C1085::AID-YEA9%3E3.0.CO;2-0.
Pubmed: 8896275
Jacq C, Alt-Morbe J, Andre B, Arnold W, Bahr A, Ballesta JP, Bargues M, Baron L, Becker A, Biteau N, Blocker H, Blugeon C, Boskovic J, Brandt P, Bruckner M, Buitrago MJ, Coster F, Delaveau T, del Rey F, Dujon B, Eide LG, Garcia-Cantalejo JM, Goffeau A, Gomez-Peris A, Zaccaria P, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):75-8.
Pubmed: 9169867
Boles E, Liebetrau W, Hofmann M, Zimmermann FK: A family of hexosephosphate mutases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Feb 15;220(1):83-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18601.x.
Pubmed: 8119301
Bowman S, Churcher C, Badcock K, Brown D, Chillingworth T, Connor R, Dedman K, Devlin K, Gentles S, Hamlin N, Hunt S, Jagels K, Lye G, Moule S, Odell C, Pearson D, Rajandream M, Rice P, Skelton J, Walsh S, Whitehead S, Barrell B: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):90-3.
Pubmed: 9169872
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Dujon B, Alexandraki D, Andre B, Ansorge W, Baladron V, Ballesta JP, Banrevi A, Bolle PA, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bossier P, Bou G, Boyer J, Bultrago MJ, Cheret G, Colleaux L, Dalgnan-Fornler B, del Rey F, Dlon C, Domdey H, Dusterhoft A, Dusterhus S, Entlan KD, Erfle H, Esteban PF, Feldmann H, Fernandes L, Robo GM, Fritz C, Fukuhara H, Gabel C, Gaillon L, Carcia-Cantalejo JM, Garcia-Ramirez JJ, Gent NE, Ghazvini M, Goffeau A, Gonzalez A, Grothues D, Guerreiro P, Hegemann J, Hewitt N, Hilger F, Hollenberg CP, Horaitis O, Indge KJ, Jacquier A, James CM, Jauniaux C, Jimenez A, Keuchel H, Kirchrath L, Kleine K, Kotter P, Legrain P, Liebl S, Louis EJ, Maia e Silva A, Marck C, Monnier AL, Mostl D, Muller S, Obermaier B, Oliver SG, Pallier C, Pascolo S, Pfeiffer F, Philippsen P, Planta RJ, Pohl FM, Pohl TM, Pohlmann R, Portetelle D, Purnelle B, Puzos V, Ramezani Rad M, Rasmussen SW, Remacha M, Revuelta JL, Richard GF, Rieger M, Rodrigues-Pousada C, Rose M, Rupp T, Santos MA, Schwager C, Sensen C, Skala J, Soares H, Sor F, Stegemann J, Tettelin H, Thierry A, Tzermia M, Urrestarazu LA, van Dyck L, Van Vliet-Reedijk JC, Valens M, Vandenbo M, Vilela C, Vissers S, von Wettstein D, Voss H, Wiemann S, Xu G, Zimmermann J, Haasemann M, Becker I, Mewes HW: Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome XI. Nature. 1994 Jun 2;369(6479):371-8. doi: 10.1038/369371a0.
Pubmed: 8196765
Johnston M, Andrews S, Brinkman R, Cooper J, Ding H, Dover J, Du Z, Favello A, Fulton L, Gattung S, et al.: Complete nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII. Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2077-82. doi: 10.1126/science.8091229.
Pubmed: 8091229
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