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Pathway Description
Glyoxylate Cycle
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-01-18
Last Updated: 2019-08-14
The glyoxylate cycle begins with glyoxylic acid reacting with acetyl-coa through a malate synthase resulting in the release of a L-malic acid. The L-malic acid reacts with an NAD dependent malate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of a oxalacetic acid. This compound in turn reacts with an acetyl-coa through a citrate synthase resulting in the release of citric acid reacts with aconitate hydratase resulting in the release of water molecule and a cis-aconitate. This compound in turn react with a water molecule to produce D-threo-isocitric acid. The resulting compoun then reacts with an isocitrate lyase resulting in the release of a succinic acid and a glyoxylic acid.
References
Glyoxylate Cycle References
Duntze W, Neumann D, Gancedo JM, Atzpodien W, Holzer H: Studies on the regulation and localization of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Aug;10(1):83-9.
Pubmed: 5345986
Regev-Rudzki N, Karniely S, Ben-Haim NN, Pines O: Yeast aconitase in two locations and two metabolic pathways: seeing small amounts is believing. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Sep;16(9):4163-71. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e04-11-1028. Epub 2005 Jun 22.
Pubmed: 15975908
Hartig A, Simon MM, Schuster T, Daugherty JR, Yoo HS, Cooper TG: Differentially regulated malate synthase genes participate in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of S. cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Nov 11;20(21):5677-86. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.21.5677.
Pubmed: 1454530
Sinha H, David L, Pascon RC, Clauder-Munster S, Krishnakumar S, Nguyen M, Shi G, Dean J, Davis RW, Oefner PJ, McCusker JH, Steinmetz LM: Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors identifies additional quantitative trait loci conditioning high-temperature growth in yeast. Genetics. 2008 Nov;180(3):1661-70. doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.092932. Epub 2008 Sep 9.
Pubmed: 18780730
De Antoni A, D'Angelo M, Dal Pero F, Sartorello F, Pandolfo D, Pallavicini A, Lanfranchi G, Valle G: The DNA sequence of cosmid 14-13b from chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals an unusually high number of overlapping open reading frames. Yeast. 1997 Mar 15;13(3):261-6. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19970315)13:3<261::AID-YEA64>3.0.CO;2-L.
Pubmed: 9090055
Yoo HS, Cooper TG: The DAL7 promoter consists of multiple elements that cooperatively mediate regulation of the gene's expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Aug;9(8):3231-43. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.8.3231.
Pubmed: 2552287
Fernandez E, Fernandez M, Rodicio R: Two structural genes are encoding malate synthase isoenzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 1993 Apr 12;320(3):271-5. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80601-p.
Pubmed: 8462696
Churcher C, Bowman S, Badcock K, Bankier A, Brown D, Chillingworth T, Connor R, Devlin K, Gentles S, Hamlin N, Harris D, Horsnell T, Hunt S, Jagels K, Jones M, Lye G, Moule S, Odell C, Pearson D, Rajandream M, Rice P, Rowley N, Skelton J, Smith V, Barrell B, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IX. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):84-7.
Pubmed: 9169870
Minard KI, McAlister-Henn L: Isolation, nucleotide sequence analysis, and disruption of the MDH2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for three isozymes of yeast malate dehydrogenase. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):370-80. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.370.
Pubmed: 1986231
Casamayor A, Khalid H, Balcells L, Aldea M, Casas C, Herrero E, Arino J: Sequence analysis of a 13.4 kbp fragment from the left arm of chromosome XV reveals a malate dehydrogenase gene, a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase, the ribosomal L25 gene and four new open reading frames. Yeast. 1996 Sep;12(10B Suppl):1013-20. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199609)12:10B%3C1013::AID-YEA980%3E3.0.CO;2-5.
Pubmed: 8896265
Dujon B, Albermann K, Aldea M, Alexandraki D, Ansorge W, Arino J, Benes V, Bohn C, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bordonne R, Boyer J, Camasses A, Casamayor A, Casas C, Cheret G, Cziepluch C, Daignan-Fornier B, Dang DV, de Haan M, Delius H, Durand P, Fairhead C, Feldmann H, Gaillon L, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):98-102.
Pubmed: 9169874
Rosenkrantz M, Alam T, Kim KS, Clark BJ, Srere PA, Guarente LP: Mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial citrate synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by distinct homologous genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4509-15. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4509.
Pubmed: 3540614
Liao XS, Small WC, Srere PA, Butow RA: Intramitochondrial functions regulate nonmitochondrial citrate synthase (CIT2) expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):38-46. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.38.
Pubmed: 1986232
Biteau N, Fremaux C, Hebrard S, Menara A, Aigle M, Crouzet M: The complete sequence of a 10.8kb fragment to the right of the chromosome III centromere of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1992 Jan;8(1):61-70. doi: 10.1002/yea.320080107.
Pubmed: 1580102
Gangloff SP, Marguet D, Lauquin GJ: Molecular cloning of the yeast mitochondrial aconitase gene (ACO1) and evidence of a synergistic regulation of expression by glucose plus glutamate. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jul;10(7):3551-61. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.7.3551.
Pubmed: 1972545
Johnston M, Hillier L, Riles L, Albermann K, Andre B, Ansorge W, Benes V, Bruckner M, Delius H, Dubois E, Dusterhoft A, Entian KD, Floeth M, Goffeau A, Hebling U, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hilger F, Kleine K, Kotter P, Louis EJ, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Hoheisel JD, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):87-90.
Pubmed: 9169871
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Fernandez E, Moreno F, Rodicio R: The ICL1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Mar 15;204(3):983-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16720.x.
Pubmed: 1551398
Scholer A, Schuller HJ: Structure and regulation of the isocitrate lyase gene ICL1 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet. 1993 May-Jun;23(5-6):375-81.
Pubmed: 8319292
Chaves RS, Herrero P, Ordiz I, Angeles del Brio M, Moreno F: Isocitrate lyase localisation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Gene. 1997 Oct 1;198(1-2):165-9. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00311-9.
Pubmed: 9370278
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