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Pathway Description
Xylitol Degradation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-01-27
Last Updated: 2019-08-14
The degradation of xylose begins with NADP dependent trifunctional aldehyde reductase/xylose reductase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase resulting in the release of a NADPH, hydrogen ion and Xylitol. Xylitol reacts with a NAD D-xylulose reductase resulting in the release of NADH, a hydrogen ion and D-xylulose. Xylulose reacts with ATP through a xylulose kinase resulting in a release of ADP, hydrogen ion and xylulose 5-phosphate. The latter compound, xylulose 5-phosphate through a Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase resulting in the release of D-ribulose 5-phosphate. D-ribulose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate react with a transketolase resulting in the release of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. These two compounds react through a transaldolase resulting in the release of a D-erythrose 4-phosphate and Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. D-erythrose 4-phosphate reacts with a xylulose 5-phosphate through a transketolase resulting in the release of Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
References
Xylitol Degradation References
Fletcher TS, Kwee IL, Nakada T, Largman C, Martin BM: DNA sequence of the yeast transketolase gene. Biochemistry. 1992 Feb 18;31(6):1892-6.
Pubmed: 1737042
Miosga T, Zimmermann FK: Cloning and characterization of the first two genes of the non-oxidative part of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pentose-phosphate pathway. Curr Genet. 1996 Nov;30(5):404-9.
Pubmed: 8929392
Schaaff I, Hohmann S, Zimmermann FK: Molecular analysis of the structural gene for yeast transaldolase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Mar 30;188(3):597-603.
Pubmed: 2185015
Johnston M, Hillier L, Riles L, Albermann K, Andre B, Ansorge W, Benes V, Bruckner M, Delius H, Dubois E, Dusterhoft A, Entian KD, Floeth M, Goffeau A, Hebling U, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hilger F, Kleine K, Kotter P, Louis EJ, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Hoheisel JD, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):87-90.
Pubmed: 9169871
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Richard P, Toivari MH, Penttila M: Evidence that the gene YLR070c of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a xylitol dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1999 Aug 20;457(1):135-8. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01016-9.
Pubmed: 10486580
Traff KL, Otero Cordero RR, van Zyl WH, Hahn-Hagerdal B: Deletion of the GRE3 aldose reductase gene and its influence on xylose metabolism in recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the xylA and XKS1 genes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Dec;67(12):5668-74. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.12.5668-5674.2001.
Pubmed: 11722921
Johnston M, Andrews S, Brinkman R, Cooper J, Ding H, Dover J, Du Z, Favello A, Fulton L, Gattung S, et al.: Complete nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII. Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2077-82. doi: 10.1126/science.8091229.
Pubmed: 8091229
Rodriguez-Pena JM, Cid VJ, Arroyo J, Nombela C: The YGR194c (XKS1) gene encodes the xylulokinase from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 May 1;162(1):155-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12993.x.
Pubmed: 9595677
Tettelin H, Agostoni Carbone ML, Albermann K, Albers M, Arroyo J, Backes U, Barreiros T, Bertani I, Bjourson AJ, Bruckner M, Bruschi CV, Carignani G, Castagnoli L, Cerdan E, Clemente ML, Coblenz A, Coglievina M, Coissac E, Defoor E, Del Bino S, Delius H, Delneri D, de Wergifosse P, Dujon B, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):81-4.
Pubmed: 9169869
Voss H, Benes V, Andrade MA, Valencia A, Rechmann S, Teodoru C, Schwager C, Paces V, Sander C, Ansorge W: DNA sequencing and analysis of 130 kb from yeast chromosome XV. Yeast. 1997 Jun 15;13(7):655-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19970615)13:7<655::AID-YEA120>3.0.CO;2-I.
Pubmed: 9200815
Dujon B, Albermann K, Aldea M, Alexandraki D, Ansorge W, Arino J, Benes V, Bohn C, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bordonne R, Boyer J, Camasses A, Casamayor A, Casas C, Cheret G, Cziepluch C, Daignan-Fornier B, Dang DV, de Haan M, Delius H, Durand P, Fairhead C, Feldmann H, Gaillon L, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):98-102.
Pubmed: 9169874
Juhnke H, Krems B, Kotter P, Entian KD: Mutants that show increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide reveal an important role for the pentose phosphate pathway in protection of yeast against oxidative stress. Mol Gen Genet. 1996 Sep 25;252(4):456-64. doi: 10.1007/bf02173011.
Pubmed: 8879247
Cziepluch C, Kordes E, Pujol A, Jauniaux JC: Sequencing analysis of a 40.2 kb fragment of yeast chromosome X reveals 19 open reading frames including URA2 (5' end), TRK1, PBS2, SPT10, GCD14, RPE1, PHO86, NCA3, ASF1, CCT7, GZF3, two tRNA genes, three remnant delta elements and a Ty4 transposon. Yeast. 1996 Nov;12(14):1471-4. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199611)12:14%3C1471::AID-YEA30%3E3.0.CO;2-4.
Pubmed: 8948101
Huang H, Rong H, Li X, Tong S, Zhu Z, Niu L, Teng M: The crystal structure and identification of NQM1/YGR043C, a transaldolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proteins. 2008 Dec;73(4):1076-81. doi: 10.1002/prot.22237.
Pubmed: 18831051
Schaaff I, Hohmann S, Zimmermann FK: Molecular analysis of the structural gene for yeast transaldolase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Mar 30;188(3):597-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15440.x.
Pubmed: 2185015
Sundstrom M, Lindqvist Y, Schneider G, Hellman U, Ronne H: Yeast TKL1 gene encodes a transketolase that is required for efficient glycolysis and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 15;268(32):24346-52.
Pubmed: 8226984
Fletcher TS, Kwee IL, Nakada T, Largman C, Martin BM: DNA sequence of the yeast transketolase gene. Biochemistry. 1992 Feb 18;31(6):1892-6. doi: 10.1021/bi00121a044.
Pubmed: 1737042
Bussey H, Storms RK, Ahmed A, Albermann K, Allen E, Ansorge W, Araujo R, Aparicio A, Barrell B, Badcock K, Benes V, Botstein D, Bowman S, Bruckner M, Carpenter J, Cherry JM, Chung E, Churcher C, Coster F, Davis K, Davis RW, Dietrich FS, Delius H, DiPaolo T, Hani J, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XVI. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):103-5.
Pubmed: 9169875
Schaaff-Gerstenschlager I, Mannhaupt G, Vetter I, Zimmermann FK, Feldmann H: TKL2, a second transketolase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cloning, sequence and deletion analysis of the gene. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Oct 1;217(1):487-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18268.x.
Pubmed: 7916691
Mannhaupt G, Stucka R, Ehnle S, Vetter I, Feldmann H: Analysis of a 70 kb region on the right arm of yeast chromosome II. Yeast. 1994 Oct;10(10):1363-81. doi: 10.1002/yea.320101014.
Pubmed: 7900426
Feldmann H, Aigle M, Aljinovic G, Andre B, Baclet MC, Barthe C, Baur A, Becam AM, Biteau N, Boles E, Brandt T, Brendel M, Bruckner M, Bussereau F, Christiansen C, Contreras R, Crouzet M, Cziepluch C, Demolis N, Delaveau T, Doignon F, Domdey H, Dusterhus S, Dubois E, Dujon B, El Bakkoury M, Entian KD, Feurmann M, Fiers W, Fobo GM, Fritz C, Gassenhuber H, Glandsdorff N, Goffeau A, Grivell LA, de Haan M, Hein C, Herbert CJ, Hollenberg CP, Holmstrom K, Jacq C, Jacquet M, Jauniaux JC, Jonniaux JL, Kallesoe T, Kiesau P, Kirchrath L, Kotter P, Korol S, Liebl S, Logghe M, Lohan AJ, Louis EJ, Li ZY, Maat MJ, Mallet L, Mannhaupt G, Messenguy F, Miosga T, Molemans F, Muller S, Nasr F, Obermaier B, Perea J, Pierard A, Piravandi E, Pohl FM, Pohl TM, Potier S, Proft M, Purnelle B, Ramezani Rad M, Rieger M, Rose M, Schaaff-Gerstenschlager I, Scherens B, Schwarzlose C, Skala J, Slonimski PP, Smits PH, Souciet JL, Steensma HY, Stucka R, Urrestarazu A, van der Aart QJ, van Dyck L, Vassarotti A, Vetter I, Vierendeels F, Vissers S, Wagner G, de Wergifosse P, Wolfe KH, Zagulski M, Zimmermann FK, Mewes HW, Kleine K: Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II. EMBO J. 1994 Dec 15;13(24):5795-809.
Pubmed: 7813418
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