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Pathway Description
Gluconeogenesis from L-Malic Acid
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-04-06
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
L-malic acid is metabolized through 3 possible ways: NAD driven malate dehydrogenase resulting in oxalacetic acid, NADP driven malate dehydrogenase B resulting pyruvic acid or malate dehydrogenase, NAD-requiring resulting in pyruvic acid. Oxalacetic acid is processed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP driven) while pyruvic acid is processed by phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase resulting in phosphoenolpyruvic acid. This compound is dehydrated by enolase resulting in an 2-phosphoglyceric acid. This compound is then isomerized by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid which is phosphorylated by an ATP driven phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in an glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound undergoes an NADH driven glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction resulting in a D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which is first isomerized into dihydroxyacetone phosphate through an triosephosphate isomerase. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate react through a fructose biphosphate aldolase protein complex resulting in a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound is metabolized by a fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase resulting in a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate which is then isomerized into a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.
References
Gluconeogenesis from L-Malic Acid References
Parsley K, Hibberd JM: The Arabidopsis PPDK gene is transcribed from two promoters to produce differentially expressed transcripts responsible for cytosolic and plastidic proteins. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Oct;62(3):339-49. doi: 10.1007/s11103-006-9023-0. Epub 2006 Aug 17.
Pubmed: 16915520
Brownleader, M.D., Harborne, J.B., Dey, P.M. Carbohydrate metabolism: primary metabolism of monosaccharides. Plant Biochemistry, Eds Dey & Harborne, Academic Press, Harcourt Brace & Co, Publishers, London. (1997)
Lardy HA: Gluconeogenesis: pathways and hormonal regulation. Harvey Lect. 1966;60:261-78.
Pubmed: 5338068
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