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Pathway Description
Serine Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-05-20
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
The biosynthesis of serine begins in the chloroplast with 3-phospho-D-glycerate being metabolize into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate through a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. The resulting compound 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate is transaminated into 3-phospho-L-serine through a phosphoserine transaminase. This is followed by 3-phospho-L-serine being dephosphorylated through a phosphoserine phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and Serine.
Serine can also be incorporated into the mitochondrion and then serine can then be used to synthesize glycine through a mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Glycine is then used to synthesize formic acid by first being metabolized into 5,10 methylene THF, which is transformed into a 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate , followed by an N10 formyl tetrahydrofolate and lastly formic acid, all through a mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase.
It can also be used in tryptophan biosynthesis, glycine biosynthesis and cysteine biosynthesis
References
Serine Metabolism References
Ho CL, Saito K: Molecular biology of the plastidic phosphorylated serine biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Amino Acids. 2001;20(3):243-59.
Pubmed: 11354602
Ho CL, Noji M, Saito M, Yamazaki M, Saito K: Molecular characterization of plastidic phosphoserine aminotransferase in serine biosynthesis from Arabidopsis. Plant J. 1998 Nov;16(4):443-52.
Pubmed: 9881164
Ho CL, Noji M, Saito K: Plastidic pathway of serine biosynthesis. Molecular cloning and expression of 3-phosphoserine phosphatase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):11007-12.
Pubmed: 10196182
Ho CL, Noji M, Saito M, Saito K: Regulation of serine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Crucial role of plastidic 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in non-photosynthetic tissues. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 1;274(1):397-402.
Pubmed: 9867856
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Pubmed: 10617198
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Theologis A, Ecker JR, Palm CJ, Federspiel NA, Kaul S, White O, Alonso J, Altafi H, Araujo R, Bowman CL, Brooks SY, Buehler E, Chan A, Chao Q, Chen H, Cheuk RF, Chin CW, Chung MK, Conn L, Conway AB, Conway AR, Creasy TH, Dewar K, Dunn P, Etgu P, Feldblyum TV, Feng J, Fong B, Fujii CY, Gill JE, Goldsmith AD, Haas B, Hansen NF, Hughes B, Huizar L, Hunter JL, Jenkins J, Johnson-Hopson C, Khan S, Khaykin E, Kim CJ, Koo HL, Kremenetskaia I, Kurtz DB, Kwan A, Lam B, Langin-Hooper S, Lee A, Lee JM, Lenz CA, Li JH, Li Y, Lin X, Liu SX, Liu ZA, Luros JS, Maiti R, Marziali A, Militscher J, Miranda M, Nguyen M, Nierman WC, Osborne BI, Pai G, Peterson J, Pham PK, Rizzo M, Rooney T, Rowley D, Sakano H, Salzberg SL, Schwartz JR, Shinn P, Southwick AM, Sun H, Tallon LJ, Tambunga G, Toriumi MJ, Town CD, Utterback T, Van Aken S, Vaysberg M, Vysotskaia VS, Walker M, Wu D, Yu G, Fraser CM, Venter JC, Davis RW: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):816-20. doi: 10.1038/35048500.
Pubmed: 11130712
Yamada K, Lim J, Dale JM, Chen H, Shinn P, Palm CJ, Southwick AM, Wu HC, Kim C, Nguyen M, Pham P, Cheuk R, Karlin-Newmann G, Liu SX, Lam B, Sakano H, Wu T, Yu G, Miranda M, Quach HL, Tripp M, Chang CH, Lee JM, Toriumi M, Chan MM, Tang CC, Onodera CS, Deng JM, Akiyama K, Ansari Y, Arakawa T, Banh J, Banno F, Bowser L, Brooks S, Carninci P, Chao Q, Choy N, Enju A, Goldsmith AD, Gurjal M, Hansen NF, Hayashizaki Y, Johnson-Hopson C, Hsuan VW, Iida K, Karnes M, Khan S, Koesema E, Ishida J, Jiang PX, Jones T, Kawai J, Kamiya A, Meyers C, Nakajima M, Narusaka M, Seki M, Sakurai T, Satou M, Tamse R, Vaysberg M, Wallender EK, Wong C, Yamamura Y, Yuan S, Shinozaki K, Davis RW, Theologis A, Ecker JR: Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1088305.
Pubmed: 14593172
Lin X, Kaul S, Rounsley S, Shea TP, Benito MI, Town CD, Fujii CY, Mason T, Bowman CL, Barnstead M, Feldblyum TV, Buell CR, Ketchum KA, Lee J, Ronning CM, Koo HL, Moffat KS, Cronin LA, Shen M, Pai G, Van Aken S, Umayam L, Tallon LJ, Gill JE, Adams MD, Carrera AJ, Creasy TH, Goodman HM, Somerville CR, Copenhaver GP, Preuss D, Nierman WC, White O, Eisen JA, Salzberg SL, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):761-8. doi: 10.1038/45471.
Pubmed: 10617197
Ho CL, Noji M, Saito K: Plastidic pathway of serine biosynthesis. Molecular cloning and expression of 3-phosphoserine phosphatase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):11007-12. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.11007.
Pubmed: 10196182
Ho CL, Noji M, Saito M, Saito K: Regulation of serine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Crucial role of plastidic 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in non-photosynthetic tissues. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 1;274(1):397-402. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.1.397.
Pubmed: 9867856
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