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Pathway Description
Tryptophan Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-05-27
Last Updated: 2019-08-30
The tryptophan biosynthesis begins with chorismate interacting with a L-glutamine through a Anthranilate synthase resulting in the release of glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, hydrogen ion and 2-aminobenzoic acid. The latter compound reacts with a PRPP through an Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase resulting in the release of pyrophosphate and a N-5-phosphoribosyl anthranilate. The latter compound is isomerized through a N-5 phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase resulting in the release of a 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate which then reacts with a hydrogen ion resulting in the release of water, carbon dioxide and indoleglycerol phosphate. The latter compound reacts with a tryptophan synthase resulting in the release of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Indole. Indole reacts with L-serine through a tryptophan synthase resulting in the release of water and tryptophan.
The degradation of tryptophan can occur in 2 ways:
a) tryptophan reacting with an aromatic aminotransferase resulting in the release of indole 3 pyruvate which can then be transformed into indoleacetaldehyde through a pyruvate isozyme. Indoleacetaldehyde reacts with alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in a tryptophol
B) tryptophan is consumed through the nicotinate biosynthesis
References
Tryptophan Metabolism References
Rose AB, Casselman AL, Last RL: A Phosphoribosylanthranilate Transferase Gene Is Defective in Blue Fluorescent Arabidopsis thaliana Tryptophan Mutants. Plant Physiol. 1992 Oct;100(2):582-92. doi: 10.1104/pp.100.2.582.
Pubmed: 16653032
Nakamura Y, Sato S, Asamizu E, Kaneko T, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. VII. Sequence features of the regions of 1,013,767 bp covered by sixteen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 1998 Oct 30;5(5):297-308. doi: 10.1093/dnares/5.5.297.
Pubmed: 9872454
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Li J, Zhao J, Rose AB, Schmidt R, Last RL: Arabidopsis phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase: molecular genetic analysis of triplicate tryptophan pathway genes. Plant Cell. 1995 Apr;7(4):447-61. doi: 10.1105/tpc.7.4.447.
Pubmed: 7773017
Sato S, Kotani H, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Asamizu E, Fukami M, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. I. Sequence features of the 1.6 Mb regions covered by twenty physically assigned P1 clones. DNA Res. 1997 Jun 30;4(3):215-30. doi: 10.1093/dnares/4.3.215.
Pubmed: 9330910
Last RL, Bissinger PH, Mahoney DJ, Radwanski ER, Fink GR: Tryptophan mutants in Arabidopsis: the consequences of duplicated tryptophan synthase beta genes. Plant Cell. 1991 Apr;3(4):345-58. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.4.345.
Pubmed: 1840915
Mayer K, Schuller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Muller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kotter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blocker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Lohnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schafer M, Muller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mundlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):769-77. doi: 10.1038/47134.
Pubmed: 10617198
Sun J, Xu Y, Ye S, Jiang H, Chen Q, Liu F, Zhou W, Chen R, Li X, Tietz O, Wu X, Cohen JD, Palme K, Li C: Arabidopsis ASA1 is important for jasmonate-mediated regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport during lateral root formation. Plant Cell. 2009 May;21(5):1495-511. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.064303. Epub 2009 May 12.
Pubmed: 19435934
Niyogi KK, Fink GR: Two anthranilate synthase genes in Arabidopsis: defense-related regulation of the tryptophan pathway. Plant Cell. 1992 Jun;4(6):721-33. doi: 10.1105/tpc.4.6.721.
Pubmed: 1392592
Lin X, Kaul S, Rounsley S, Shea TP, Benito MI, Town CD, Fujii CY, Mason T, Bowman CL, Barnstead M, Feldblyum TV, Buell CR, Ketchum KA, Lee J, Ronning CM, Koo HL, Moffat KS, Cronin LA, Shen M, Pai G, Van Aken S, Umayam L, Tallon LJ, Gill JE, Adams MD, Carrera AJ, Creasy TH, Goodman HM, Somerville CR, Copenhaver GP, Preuss D, Nierman WC, White O, Eisen JA, Salzberg SL, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):761-8. doi: 10.1038/45471.
Pubmed: 10617197
Kotani H, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Asamizu E, Kaneko T, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. VI. Sequence features of the regions of 1,367,185 bp covered by 19 physically assigned P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 1998 Jun 30;5(3):203-16. doi: 10.1093/dnares/5.3.203.
Pubmed: 9734815
Koiwai H, Nakaminami K, Seo M, Mitsuhashi W, Toyomasu T, Koshiba T: Tissue-specific localization of an abscisic acid biosynthetic enzyme, AAO3, in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;134(4):1697-707. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.036970. Epub 2004 Apr 2.
Pubmed: 15064376
Seo M, Peeters AJ, Koiwai H, Oritani T, Marion-Poll A, Zeevaart JA, Koornneef M, Kamiya Y, Koshiba T: The Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) gene product catalyzes the final step in abscisic acid biosynthesis in leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7;97(23):12908-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.220426197.
Pubmed: 11050171
Seo M, Aoki H, Koiwai H, Kamiya Y, Nambara E, Koshiba T: Comparative studies on the Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase (AAO) gene family revealed a major role of AAO3 in ABA biosynthesis in seeds. Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 Nov;45(11):1694-703. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pch198.
Pubmed: 15574845
Mikkelsen MD, Hansen CH, Wittstock U, Halkier BA: Cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 from Arabidopsis catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor of indole glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33712-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M001667200.
Pubmed: 10922360
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