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Pathway Description
D-myo-Inositol (1,4,5)-Trisphosphate Biosynthesis
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2017-02-22
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate biosynthesis is a pathway that occurs in the cytosol by which myo-inositol becomes D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3), a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells . This pathway consists of a few cell membrane-associated enzymes (coloured dark green in the image): phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase and phosphoinositide phospholipase C. First, phosphatidylinositol synthase uses a a CDP-diacylglycerol to catalyze a reaction whereby myo-inositol is converted into an an L-1-phosphatidyl-inositol. It requires magnesium or manganese ions as cofactors. Second, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase uses ATP to catalyze the conversion of an L-1-phosphatidyl-inositol to a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate. Third, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase uses ATP to catalyze the conversion of a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate to a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Alternatively, 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate is predicted to be synthesized by a still undiscovered phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase from ATP and a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate. Finally, phosphoinositide phospholipase C uses water to catalyze the conversion of a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, producing 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and a proton as byproducts. Phosphoinositide phospholipase C requires calcium as a cofactor.
References
D-myo-Inositol (1,4,5)-Trisphosphate Biosynthesis References
Justin AM, Kader JC, Collin S: Phosphatidylinositol synthesis and exchange of the inositol head are catalysed by the single phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 from Arabidopsis. Eur J Biochem. 2002 May;269(9):2347-52.
Pubmed: 11985617
Sanchez JP, Chua NH: Arabidopsis PLC1 is required for secondary responses to abscisic acid signals. Plant Cell. 2001 May;13(5):1143-54.
Pubmed: 11340187
Collin S, Justin AM, Cantrel C, Arondel V, Kader JC: Identification of AtPIS, a phosphatidylinositol synthase from Arabidopsis. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jun;262(3):652-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00378.x.
Pubmed: 10411624
Xue HW, Hosaka K, Plesch G, Mueller-Roeber B: Cloning of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol synthase and functional expression in the yeast pis mutant. Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Mar;42(5):757-64. doi: 10.1023/a:1006308909105.
Pubmed: 10809447
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Pubmed: 11130712
Stevenson JM, Perera IY, Boss WF: A phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase pleckstrin homology domain that binds phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 28;273(35):22761-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.35.22761.
Pubmed: 9712908
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Westergren T, Dove SK, Sommarin M, Pical C: AtPIP5K1, an Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase, synthesizes PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in vitro and is inhibited by phosphorylation. Biochem J. 2001 Nov 1;359(Pt 3):583-9. doi: 10.1042/0264-6021:3590583.
Pubmed: 11672432
Mikami K, Katagiri T, Iuchi S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K: A gene encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase is induced by water stress and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 1998 Aug;15(4):563-8.
Pubmed: 9753781
Sanchez JP, Chua NH: Arabidopsis PLC1 is required for secondary responses to abscisic acid signals. Plant Cell. 2001 May;13(5):1143-54. doi: 10.1105/tpc.13.5.1143.
Pubmed: 11340187
Hirayama T, Ohto C, Mizoguchi T, Shinozaki K: A gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is induced by dehydration and salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Apr 25;92(9):3903-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3903.
Pubmed: 7732004
Hartweck LM, Llewellyn DJ, Dennis ES: The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has multiple divergent forms of phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C1. Gene. 1997 Nov 20;202(1-2):151-6. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00441-1.
Pubmed: 9427559
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