
Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Urate Degradation to Glyoxylate
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2017-02-24
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
Purine nucleotides are eventually degraded to ammonia and carbon dioxide. This pathway begins in the peroxisome and follows the degradation a urate intermediate to glyoxylate. The last three steps take place in the endoplasmic reticulum. First, uricase converts urate into 5-hydroxyisourate. Steps two and three are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme S-allantoin synthase: the conversion of 5-hydroxyisourate into 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (OHCU) and the conversion of OHCU into S-allantoin. Fourth, allantoinase requires zinc ion as a cofactor to catalyze the conversion of S-allantoin into allantoate. Next allantoate must be transported out of the peroxisome and into the endoplasmic reticulum. Fifth, allantoate amidohydrolase catalyzes the conversion of allantoate into S-ureidoglycine. This enzyme is a homodimer and requires manganese ion as a cofactor. Sixth, ureidoglycine aminohydrolase requires a manganese ion as a cofactor to catalyze the conversion of S-ureidoglycine into S-ureidoglycolate. Seventh, ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase catalyzes the conversion of S-ureidoglycolate into glyoxylate.
References
Urate Degradation to Glyoxylate References
Lamberto I, Percudani R, Gatti R, Folli C, Petrucco S: Conserved alternative splicing of Arabidopsis transthyretin-like determines protein localization and S-allantoin synthesis in peroxisomes. Plant Cell. 2010 May;22(5):1564-74. doi: 10.1105/tpc.109.070102. Epub 2010 May 28.
Pubmed: 20511299
Yang J, Han KH: Functional characterization of allantoinase genes from Arabidopsis and a nonureide-type legume black locust. Plant Physiol. 2004 Mar;134(3):1039-49. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.034637. Epub 2004 Feb 19.
Pubmed: 14976234
Todd CD, Polacco JC: AtAAH encodes a protein with allantoate amidohydrolase activity from Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta. 2006 Apr;223(5):1108-13. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0236-x. Epub 2006 Feb 22.
Pubmed: 16496096
Shin I, Percudani R, Rhee S: Structural and functional insights into (S)-ureidoglycine aminohydrolase, key enzyme of purine catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 2012 May 25;287(22):18796-805. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.331819. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Pubmed: 22493446
Werner AK, Romeis T, Witte CP: Ureide catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli. Nat Chem Biol. 2010 Jan;6(1):19-21. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.265. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
Pubmed: 19935661
Lin X, Kaul S, Rounsley S, Shea TP, Benito MI, Town CD, Fujii CY, Mason T, Bowman CL, Barnstead M, Feldblyum TV, Buell CR, Ketchum KA, Lee J, Ronning CM, Koo HL, Moffat KS, Cronin LA, Shen M, Pai G, Van Aken S, Umayam L, Tallon LJ, Gill JE, Adams MD, Carrera AJ, Creasy TH, Goodman HM, Somerville CR, Copenhaver GP, Preuss D, Nierman WC, White O, Eisen JA, Salzberg SL, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):761-8. doi: 10.1038/45471.
Pubmed: 10617197
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Yamada K, Lim J, Dale JM, Chen H, Shinn P, Palm CJ, Southwick AM, Wu HC, Kim C, Nguyen M, Pham P, Cheuk R, Karlin-Newmann G, Liu SX, Lam B, Sakano H, Wu T, Yu G, Miranda M, Quach HL, Tripp M, Chang CH, Lee JM, Toriumi M, Chan MM, Tang CC, Onodera CS, Deng JM, Akiyama K, Ansari Y, Arakawa T, Banh J, Banno F, Bowser L, Brooks S, Carninci P, Chao Q, Choy N, Enju A, Goldsmith AD, Gurjal M, Hansen NF, Hayashizaki Y, Johnson-Hopson C, Hsuan VW, Iida K, Karnes M, Khan S, Koesema E, Ishida J, Jiang PX, Jones T, Kawai J, Kamiya A, Meyers C, Nakajima M, Narusaka M, Seki M, Sakurai T, Satou M, Tamse R, Vaysberg M, Wallender EK, Wong C, Yamamura Y, Yuan S, Shinozaki K, Davis RW, Theologis A, Ecker JR: Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1088305.
Pubmed: 14593172
Nam KH, Li J: The Arabidopsis transthyretin-like protein is a potential substrate of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1. Plant Cell. 2004 Sep;16(9):2406-17. doi: 10.1105/tpc.104.023903. Epub 2004 Aug 19.
Pubmed: 15319482
Sato S, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Katoh T, Asamizu E, Kotani H, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. X. Sequence features of the regions of 3,076,755 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 2000 Feb 28;7(1):31-63. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.1.31.
Pubmed: 10718197
Mayer K, Schuller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Muller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kotter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blocker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Lohnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schafer M, Muller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mundlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):769-77. doi: 10.1038/47134.
Pubmed: 10617198
Serventi F, Ramazzina I, Lamberto I, Puggioni V, Gatti R, Percudani R: Chemical basis of nitrogen recovery through the ureide pathway: formation and hydrolysis of S-ureidoglycine in plants and bacteria. ACS Chem Biol. 2010 Feb 19;5(2):203-14. doi: 10.1021/cb900248n.
Pubmed: 20038185
Bevan M, Bancroft I, Bent E, Love K, Goodman H, Dean C, Bergkamp R, Dirkse W, Van Staveren M, Stiekema W, Drost L, Ridley P, Hudson SA, Patel K, Murphy G, Piffanelli P, Wedler H, Wedler E, Wambutt R, Weitzenegger T, Pohl TM, Terryn N, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clerck R, Van Montagu M, Lecharny A, Auborg S, Gy I, Kreis M, Lao N, Kavanagh T, Hempel S, Kotter P, Entian KD, Rieger M, Schaeffer M, Funk B, Mueller-Auer S, Silvey M, James R, Montfort A, Pons A, Puigdomenech P, Douka A, Voukelatou E, Milioni D, Hatzopoulos P, Piravandi E, Obermaier B, Hilbert H, Dusterhoft A, Moores T, Jones JD, Eneva T, Palme K, Benes V, Rechman S, Ansorge W, Cooke R, Berger C, Delseny M, Voet M, Volckaert G, Mewes HW, Klosterman S, Schueller C, Chalwatzis N: Analysis of 1.9 Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1998 Jan 29;391(6666):485-8. doi: 10.1038/35140.
Pubmed: 9461215
Asamizu E, Sato S, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. VIII. Sequence features of the regions of 1,081,958 bp covered by seventeen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 1998 Dec 31;5(6):379-91. doi: 10.1093/dnares/5.6.379.
Pubmed: 10048488
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings