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Pathway Description
Trehalose Degradation
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2013-08-19
Last Updated: 2023-10-12
Trehalose, also known as mycose or tremalose, is a sugar consisting of two 1-1 alpha bonded glucose molecules. It is produced by some plants, bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, and can be used as a source of energy, such as for flight in insects, and as a survival mechanism to avoid freezing and dehydration.
After ingestion in the intestine lumen, trehalose can interact with trehalase, which exists in the brush border of the cells there. In a reaction that also requires a water molecule, it is broken. These are then transported into the epithelial cells along with a sodium ion by a sodium/glucose cotransporter, which can bring glucose up its gradient along with sodium moving down its gradient. Once inside the cell, the glucose can then be transported out of the basolateral membrane by a solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter. From there, the glucose enters the blood stream, and is transported to liver hepatocytes. Once in the liver, glucokinase can use the energy and phosphate from a molecule of ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate, which then goes on to start the process of glycolysis.
References
Trehalose Degradation References
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Pubmed: 10320571
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Pubmed: 1871135
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Pubmed: 2430951
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Pubmed: 7536695
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Pubmed: 14702039
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Pubmed: 12953268
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Pubmed: 12539047
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Pubmed: 15174025
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Pubmed: 22842232
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Pubmed: 23409136
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Kawakami K, Nojima H, Ohta T, Nagano K: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Apr 11;14(7):2833-44. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.7.2833.
Pubmed: 3008098
Lane LK, Shull MM, Whitmer KR, Lingrel JB: Characterization of two genes for the human Na,K-ATPase beta subunit. Genomics. 1989 Oct;5(3):445-53.
Pubmed: 2559024
Hernando N, Martin-Vasallo P, Ghosh S, Ghosh PK, Swaroop A, Coca-Prados M: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the beta 2 subunit isoform of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from human retina. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jan 3;1189(1):109-11. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90287-9.
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Ruiz A, Bhat SP, Bok D: Expression and synthesis of the Na,K-ATPase beta 2 subunit in human retinal pigment epithelium. Gene. 1996 Oct 17;176(1-2):237-42. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00258-2.
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Pubmed: 9524271
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