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Pathway Description
De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(14:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z)/24:0)
Mus musculus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-07-30
Last Updated: 2019-10-28
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils (Wikipedia). De novo biosynthesis of triglycerides is also known as the phosphatidic acid pathway, and it is mainly associated with the liver and adipose tissue. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). The next three steps are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA.
References
De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(14:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z)/24:0) References
Lehner R, Kuksis A: Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols. Prog Lipid Res. 1996;35(2):169-201.
Pubmed: 8944226
Dobson DE, Groves DL, Spiegelman BM: Nucleotide sequence and hormonal regulation of mouse glycerophosphate dehydrogenase mRNA during adipocyte and muscle cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 1987 Feb 5;262(4):1804-9.
Pubmed: 3027100
Ireland RC, Kotarski MA, Johnston LA, Stadler U, Birkenmeier E, Kozak LP: Primary structure of the mouse glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 5;261(25):11779-85.
Pubmed: 3755721
Phillips M, Djian P, Green H: The nucleotide sequence of three genes participating in the adipose differentiation of 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Aug 15;261(23):10821-7.
Pubmed: 3015943
Huffman TA, Mothe-Satney I, Lawrence JC Jr: Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of lipin mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):1047-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.022634399. Epub 2002 Jan 15.
Pubmed: 11792863
Peterfy M, Phan J, Xu P, Reue K: Lipodystrophy in the fld mouse results from mutation of a new gene encoding a nuclear protein, lipin. Nat Genet. 2001 Jan;27(1):121-4. doi: 10.1038/83685.
Pubmed: 11138012
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Pubmed: 16141072
This pathway was generated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Generated from SMP0063694
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