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Pathway Description
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0)
Mus musculus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-01
Last Updated: 2023-10-01
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate a phosphocholine headgroup into a diacylglycerol backbone. They are the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes and has both structural and signalling roles. In eukaryotes, there exist two phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis pathways: the Kennedy pathway and the methylation pathway. The Kennedy pathway begins with the direct phosphorylation of free choline into phosphocholine followed by conversion into CDP-choline and subsequently phosphatidylcholine. It is the major synthesis route in animals. The methylation pathway involves the 3 successive methylations of phosphatidylethanolamine to form phosphatidylcholine. The first reaction of the Kennedy pathway involves the cytosol-localized enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase catalyzing the conversion of choline into phosphocholine. Second, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the conversion of phosphocholine to CDP-choline. Last, choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase catalyzes phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from CDP-choline. It requires either magnesium or manganese ions as cofactors. A parallel Kennedy pathway forms phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine - the only difference being a different enzyme, ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, catalyzing the second step. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also synthesized from phosphatidylserine in the mitochondrial membrane by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. Phosphatidylethanolamine funnels into the methylation pathway in which phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) then catalyzes three sequential N-methylation steps to convert phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. PEMT uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.
References
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0) References
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Zborowski J, Dygas A, Wojtczak L: Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is located on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. FEBS Lett. 1983 Jun 27;157(1):179-82. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81141-7.
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Walkey CJ, Cui Z, Agellon LB, Vance DE: Characterization of the murine phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 gene. J Lipid Res. 1996 Nov;37(11):2341-50.
Pubmed: 8978486
This pathway was generated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Generated from SMP0063692
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0014938
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