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Pathway Description
Glutathione Metabolism
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-30
Glutathione (GSH) is an low-molecular-weight thiol and antioxidant in various species such as plants, mammals and microbes. Glutathione plays important roles in nutrient metabolism, gene expression, etc. and sufficient protein nutrition is important for maintenance of GSH homeostasis. Glutathione is synthesized from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. L-Glutamic acid and cysteine are synthesized to form gamma-glutamylcysteine by glutamate-cysteine ligase that is powered by ATP. Gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine can be synthesized to form glutathione by enzyme glutathione synthetase that is powered by ATP, too. Glutathione exists oxidized (GSSG) states and in reduced (GSH) state. Oxidation of glutathione happens due to relatively high concentration of glutathione within cells.
References
Glutathione Metabolism References
Harhay GP, Sonstegard TS, Keele JW, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Snelling WM, Wiedmann RT, Van Tassell CP, Smith TP: Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences. BMC Genomics. 2005 Nov 23;6:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166.
Pubmed: 16305752
Mullenbach GT, Tabrizi A, Irvine BD, Bell GI, Tainer JA, Hallewell RA: Selenocysteine's mechanism of incorporation and evolution revealed in cDNAs of three glutathione peroxidases. Protein Eng. 1988 Sep;2(3):239-46.
Pubmed: 2976939
Gunzler WA, Steffens GJ, Grossmann A, Kim SM, Otting F, Wendel A, Flohe L: The amino-acid sequence of bovine glutathione peroxidase. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1984 Feb;365(2):195-212.
Pubmed: 6714945
Baldwin JS, Lee L, Leung TK, Muruganandam A, Mutus B: Identification of the site of non-enzymatic glycation of glutathione peroxidase: rationalization of the glycation-related catalytic alterations on the basis of three-dimensional protein structure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Feb 22;1247(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00202-r.
Pubmed: 7873592
Watabe S, Makino Y, Ogawa K, Hiroi T, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi SY: Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in bovine adrenal cortex its purification, properties, nucleotide/amino acid sequences, and identification of selenocysteine. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Aug;264(1):74-84. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00578.x.
Pubmed: 10447675
Zimin AV, Delcher AL, Florea L, Kelley DR, Schatz MC, Puiu D, Hanrahan F, Pertea G, Van Tassell CP, Sonstegard TS, Marcais G, Roberts M, Subramanian P, Yorke JA, Salzberg SL: A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Genome Biol. 2009;10(4):R42. doi: 10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r42. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
Pubmed: 19393038
Benbacer L, Kut E, Besnardeau L, Laude H, Delmas B: Interspecies aminopeptidase-N chimeras reveal species-specific receptor recognition by canine coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. J Virol. 1997 Jan;71(1):734-7.
Pubmed: 8985407
Childers CP, Newkirk HL, Honeycutt DA, Ramlachan N, Muzney DM, Sodergren E, Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Womack JE, Skow LC: Comparative analysis of the bovine MHC class IIb sequence identifies inversion breakpoints and three unexpected genes. Anim Genet. 2006 Apr;37(2):121-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01395.x.
Pubmed: 16573526
Watanabe T, Abe K, Ishikawa H, Iijima Y: Bovine 5-oxo-L-prolinase: simple assay method, purification, cDNA cloning, and detection of mRNA in the coronary artery. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):288-94. doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.288.
Pubmed: 14993790
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000015
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