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Pathway Description
Caffeine Metabolism
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-30
Caffeine is obtained from diet including coffee and other beverages and is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. In the liver, the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system and specifically CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine into paraxanthine to increase lipolysis and increase free fatty acids and glycerol levels in the blood, theobromine to dilate blood vessels and increase urine volume and theophylline which relaxes bronchi smooth muscles. In the lysosome, these metabolites undergo further metabolism into methyluric acids before being excreted in the urine. There is genetic variability in the metabolism of caffeine due to the polymorphism of CYP1A2. This variability can affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of caffeine and may affect an individual's consumption.
References
Caffeine Metabolism References
Berglund L, Rasmussen JT, Andersen MD, Rasmussen MS, Petersen TE: Purification of the bovine xanthine oxidoreductase from milk fat globule membranes and cloning of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. J Dairy Sci. 1996 Feb;79(2):198-204. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76351-8.
Pubmed: 8708081
Terao M, Kurosaki M, Zanotta S, Garattini E: The xanthine oxidoreductase gene: structure and regulation. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 Aug;25(3):791-6. doi: 10.1042/bst0250791.
Pubmed: 9388547
Turner NA, Doyle WA, Ventom AM, Bray RC: Properties of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase and the relationship of the enzyme to xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Sep 1;232(2):646-57.
Pubmed: 7556219
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000028
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