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Pathway Description
Sulfate/Sulfite Metabolism
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-30
This pathway illustrates the conversion of sulfite to sulfate (via sulfate oxidase) and subsequent generation of adenylylsulfate (APS) via 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2. APS is converted to phosphoadenylyl-sulfate (PAPS) via adenylylsulfate kinase. APS can also be regenerated from PAPS by 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1. PAPS is eventually converted to adenosine bisophosphate (PAP) through the action of several different enzymes including aryl sulfotransferase, chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 13 and estrone sulfotransferase.
The metabolism pathway in question is important for many reasons. Recall, that the sulfite ion is in fact the conjugate base of sulfurous acid. Moreover, this ion is found naturally in one of the worlds most popular beverages, wines. Beyond its natural occurence, sulfite ion had the property of stopping fermentation. As such, the addition of it to products such as wine can be used either as a preservative or to stop the fermentation process at a moment which is of interest. Finally, this preservation property goes beyond merely wines, and finds utility in dried fruits, potatoes, etc.
References
Sulfate/Sulfite Metabolism References
Zimin AV, Delcher AL, Florea L, Kelley DR, Schatz MC, Puiu D, Hanrahan F, Pertea G, Van Tassell CP, Sonstegard TS, Marcais G, Roberts M, Subramanian P, Yorke JA, Salzberg SL: A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Genome Biol. 2009;10(4):R42. doi: 10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r42. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
Pubmed: 19393038
Harhay GP, Sonstegard TS, Keele JW, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Snelling WM, Wiedmann RT, Van Tassell CP, Smith TP: Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences. BMC Genomics. 2005 Nov 23;6:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166.
Pubmed: 16305752
Nash AR, Glenn WK, Moore SS, Kerr J, Thompson AR, Thompson EO: Oestrogen sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA for the bovine placental enzyme. Aust J Biol Sci. 1988;41(4):507-16.
Pubmed: 3271383
Moore SS, Thompson EO, Nash AR: Oestrogen sulfotransferase: isolation of a high specific activity species from bovine placenta. Aust J Biol Sci. 1988;41(3):333-41.
Pubmed: 3270501
Adams JB: Enzymic synthesis of steroid sulphates. XVII. On the structure of bovine estrogen sulphotransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jan 29;1076(2):282-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90279-9.
Pubmed: 1900200
Schauss SJ, Henry T, Palmatier R, Halvorson L, Dannenbring R, Beckmann JD: Characterization of bovine tracheobronchial phenol sulphotransferase cDNA and detection of mRNA regulation by cortisol. Biochem J. 1995 Oct 1;311 ( Pt 1):209-17. doi: 10.1042/bj3110209.
Pubmed: 7575456
Henry T, Kliewer B, Palmatier R, Ulphani JS, Beckmann JD: Isolation and characterization of a bovine gene encoding phenol sulfotransferase. Gene. 1996 Oct 3;174(2):221-4. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00083-2.
Pubmed: 8890738
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000041
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