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Pathway Description
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2023-10-29
This pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination. Inactivation means to convert an active compound into an inactive compound. Peripheral inactivation, which is inactivation caused by outside enzymes such as liver enzymes for example, is needed to maintain a steady-state level of plasma. This means that if either of these hormones are to be “chemical signals”, their half-life in the bloodstream has to be limited so that a variation in secretion rate can be emulated in the plasma. A large part of inactivation/catabolism occurs in the liver, although a little bit of catabolic activity does happen in the kidneys. Inactive androgens and estrogens are mostly eliminated in the urine. For this to happen, androgen and estrogen need to be converted to compounds that are less hydrophobic so that they are more soluble at higher concentrations. In this pathway, the conversion to a hydrophilic compound is an oxidation of a 17b-hydroxyl group. These hormones are needed for sexual development in both males and females.
References
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism References
Nash AR, Glenn WK, Moore SS, Kerr J, Thompson AR, Thompson EO: Oestrogen sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA for the bovine placental enzyme. Aust J Biol Sci. 1988;41(4):507-16.
Pubmed: 3271383
Moore SS, Thompson EO, Nash AR: Oestrogen sulfotransferase: isolation of a high specific activity species from bovine placenta. Aust J Biol Sci. 1988;41(3):333-41.
Pubmed: 3270501
Adams JB: Enzymic synthesis of steroid sulphates. XVII. On the structure of bovine estrogen sulphotransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jan 29;1076(2):282-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90279-9.
Pubmed: 1900200
Hinshelwood MM, Corbin CJ, Tsang PC, Simpson ER: Isolation and characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid insert encoding bovine aromatase cytochrome P450. Endocrinology. 1993 Nov;133(5):1971-7. doi: 10.1210/endo.133.5.8404644.
Pubmed: 8404644
Vanselow J, Furbass R: Novel aromatase transcripts from bovine placenta contain repeated sequence motifs. Gene. 1995 Mar 10;154(2):281-6. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00753-f.
Pubmed: 7890178
Furbass R, Kalbe C, Vanselow J: Tissue-specific expression of the bovine aromatase-encoding gene uses multiple transcriptional start sites and alternative first exons. Endocrinology. 1997 Jul;138(7):2813-9. doi: 10.1210/endo.138.7.5257.
Pubmed: 9202222
Rattner A, Smallwood PM, Nathans J: Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 14;275(15):11034-43. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11034.
Pubmed: 10753906
Zuber MX, John ME, Okamura T, Simpson ER, Waterman MR: Bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450(17 alpha). Regulation of gene expression by ACTH and elucidation of primary sequence. J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 15;261(5):2475-82.
Pubmed: 3003117
Bhasker CR, Adler BS, Dee A, John ME, Kagimoto M, Zuber MX, Ahlgren R, Wang XD, Simpson ER, Waterman MR: Structural characterization of the bovine CYP17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase) gene. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jun;271(2):479-87. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90298-1.
Pubmed: 2543297
Sonstegard TS, Capuco AV, White J, Van Tassell CP, Connor EE, Cho J, Sultana R, Shade L, Wray JE, Wells KD, Quackenbush J: Analysis of bovine mammary gland EST and functional annotation of the Bos taurus gene index. Mamm Genome. 2002 Jul;13(7):373-9. doi: 10.1007/s00335-001-2145-4.
Pubmed: 12140684
Harhay GP, Sonstegard TS, Keele JW, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Snelling WM, Wiedmann RT, Van Tassell CP, Smith TP: Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences. BMC Genomics. 2005 Nov 23;6:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166.
Pubmed: 16305752
Zimin AV, Delcher AL, Florea L, Kelley DR, Schatz MC, Puiu D, Hanrahan F, Pertea G, Van Tassell CP, Sonstegard TS, Marcais G, Roberts M, Subramanian P, Yorke JA, Salzberg SL: A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Genome Biol. 2009;10(4):R42. doi: 10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r42. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
Pubmed: 19393038
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000068
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