Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Butyrate Metabolism
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Butyrate metabolism (Butanoate metabolism) describes the metabolic fate of a number of short chain fatty acids or short chain alcohols that are typically produced by intestinal fermentation. Many of these molecules are eventually used in the production of ketone bodies, the creation of short-chain lipids or as precursors to the citrate cycle, glycolysis or glutamate synthesis. The molecule for which this pathway is named, butyric acid, is a four-carbon fatty acid that is formed in the human colon by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (including dietary fiber). It is found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, and vomit, and has an unpleasant odor and acrid taste, with a sweet aftertaste (similar to ether).
References
Butyrate Metabolism References
Minami-Ishii N, Taketani S, Osumi T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for rat mitochondrial enoyl-CoA hydratase. Structural and evolutionary relationships linked to the bifunctional enzyme of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system. Eur J Biochem. 1989 Oct 20;185(1):73-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15083.x.
Pubmed: 2806264
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Muller-Newen G, Janssen U, Stoffel W: Enoyl-CoA hydratase and isomerase form a superfamily with a common active-site glutamate residue. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Feb 15;228(1):68-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20230.x.
Pubmed: 7883013
He XY, Zhang G, Blecha F, Yang SY: Identity of heart and liver L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Feb 25;1437(2):119-23. doi: 10.1016/s1388-1981(98)00005-5.
Pubmed: 10064895
Fukao T, Kamijo K, Osumi T, Fujiki Y, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. J Biochem. 1989 Aug;106(2):197-204. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122832.
Pubmed: 2478525
Ayte J, Gil-Gomez G, Haro D, Marrero PF, Hegardt FG: Rat mitochondrial and cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthases are encoded by two different genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3874-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3874.
Pubmed: 1971108
Gil-Gomez G, Ayte J, Hegardt FG: The rat mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Apr 15;213(2):773-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17819.x.
Pubmed: 8097464
Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV: Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun. 2012 Jun 6;3:876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1871.
Pubmed: 22673903
Maurya DK, Sundaram CS, Bhargava P: Proteome profile of the mature rat olfactory bulb. Proteomics. 2009 May;9(9):2593-9. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800664.
Pubmed: 19343716
Cullingford TE, Dolphin CT, Bhakoo KK, Peuchen S, Canevari L, Clark JB: Molecular cloning of rat mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and detection of the corresponding mRNA and of those encoding the remaining enzymes comprising the ketogenic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA cycle in central nervous system of suckling rat. Biochem J. 1998 Jan 15;329 ( Pt 2):373-81. doi: 10.1042/bj3290373.
Pubmed: 9425122
Hilgers KF, Nagaraj SK, Karginova EA, Kazakova IG, Chevalier RL, Carey RM, Pentz ES, Gomez RA: Molecular cloning of KS, a novel rat gene expressed exclusively in the kidney. Kidney Int. 1998 Nov;54(5):1444-54. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00143.x.
Pubmed: 9844120
Matsubara Y, Indo Y, Naito E, Ozasa H, Glassberg R, Vockley J, Ikeda Y, Kraus J, Tanaka K: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding the precursors of rat long chain acyl-coenzyme A, short chain acyl-coenzyme A, and isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases. Sequence homology of four enzymes of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16321-31.
Pubmed: 2777793
Ikeda Y, Okamura-Ikeda K, Tanaka K: Purification and characterization of short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from rat liver mitochondria. Isolation of the holo- and apoenzymes and conversion of the apoenzyme to the holoenzyme. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jan 25;260(2):1311-25.
Pubmed: 3968063
Battaile KP, Molin-Case J, Paschke R, Wang M, Bennett D, Vockley J, Kim JJ: Crystal structure of rat short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complexed with acetoacetyl-CoA: comparison with other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 5;277(14):12200-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111296200. Epub 2002 Jan 25.
Pubmed: 11812788
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000073
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings