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Pathway Description
Ketone Body Metabolism
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Ketone bodies are consisted of acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. In liver cells' mitochondria, acetyl-CoA can synthesize acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate; and spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate will form acetone. Metabolism of ketone body (also known as ketogenesis) contains several reactions. Acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate) will be catalyzed to form acetoacetyl-CoA irreversibly by 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 that also coupled with interconversion of succinyl-CoA and succinic acid. Acetoacetic acid can also be catalyzed by mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to form (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid with NADH. Ketogenesis occurs mostly during fasting and starvation. Stored fatty acids will be broken down and mobilized to produce large amount of acetyl-CoA for ketogenesis in liver, which can reduce the demand of glucose for other tissues. Acetone cannot be converted back to acetyl-CoA; therefore, they are either breathed out through the lungs or excreted in urine.
References
Ketone Body Metabolism References
Fukao T, Kamijo K, Osumi T, Fujiki Y, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. J Biochem. 1989 Aug;106(2):197-204. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122832.
Pubmed: 2478525
Ayte J, Gil-Gomez G, Haro D, Marrero PF, Hegardt FG: Rat mitochondrial and cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthases are encoded by two different genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3874-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3874.
Pubmed: 1971108
Gil-Gomez G, Ayte J, Hegardt FG: The rat mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Apr 15;213(2):773-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17819.x.
Pubmed: 8097464
Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV: Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun. 2012 Jun 6;3:876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1871.
Pubmed: 22673903
Cullingford TE, Dolphin CT, Bhakoo KK, Peuchen S, Canevari L, Clark JB: Molecular cloning of rat mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and detection of the corresponding mRNA and of those encoding the remaining enzymes comprising the ketogenic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA cycle in central nervous system of suckling rat. Biochem J. 1998 Jan 15;329 ( Pt 2):373-81. doi: 10.1042/bj3290373.
Pubmed: 9425122
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Pubmed: 15489334
Maurya DK, Sundaram CS, Bhargava P: Proteome profile of the mature rat olfactory bulb. Proteomics. 2009 May;9(9):2593-9. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800664.
Pubmed: 19343716
Churchill P, Hempel J, Romovacek H, Zhang WW, Brennan M, Churchill S: Primary structure of rat liver D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from cDNA and protein analyses: a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochemistry. 1992 Apr 21;31(15):3793-9. doi: 10.1021/bi00130a009.
Pubmed: 1567834
Racine L, Scoazec JY, Moreau A, Bernuau D, Feldmann G: Effects of digitonin on the intracellular content of rat hepatocytes: implications for its use in the study of intralobular heterogeneity. J Histochem Cytochem. 1993 Jul;41(7):991-1001. doi: 10.1177/41.7.8515054.
Pubmed: 8515054
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000071
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