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Pathway Description
Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
There is an organic acid known as Taurine, which is a derivative product of sulfhydryl amino acid (which contains sulfur), as well as cysteine. The synthesis or metabolism in mammalian systems of this acid transpires within the pancreas in such a fashion that it utilizes a pathway known as the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway.
To put this process in context, its occurrence is often seen in vivo, in hepatocytes, and is fundamental in the cyclical process of recovering bile acids from the intenstine, turning them back into salts and returning them to the bile.
In essence the cysteine pathway induces a sulfhydryl group to be oxidized, creating cysteine sulfinic acid, by utilizing the appropriate enzymes (ie cysteine dioxygenase). This new acid undergoes decarboxylation creating a new compound: hypotaurine. This process goes on as Taurine now is subjected to conjugation vis a vis its amino terminal group. This includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs.
Moreover, this entire process can be catalyzed via bile acid and a special amino acid N-acetyltransferase.
References
Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism References
Hosokawa Y, Matsumoto A, Oka J, Itakura H, Yamaguchi K: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA for rat liver cysteine dioxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Apr 30;168(2):473-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)92345-z.
Pubmed: 2334417
Tsuboyama N, Hosokawa Y, Totani M, Oka J, Matsumoto A, Koide T, Kodama H: Structural organization and tissue-specific expression of the gene encoding rat cysteine dioxygenase. Gene. 1996 Nov 28;181(1-2):161-5. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00496-9.
Pubmed: 8973325
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Pubmed: 15489334
Kaisaki PJ, Jerkins AA, Goodspeed DC, Steele RD, Kaisakia PJ: Cloning and characterization of rat cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 17;1262(1):79-82. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00058-o.
Pubmed: 7772604
Reymond I, Sergeant A, Tappaz M: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding rat liver cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 7;1307(2):152-6. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(96)00068-1.
Pubmed: 8679699
Tappaz M, Bitoun M, Reymond I, Sergeant A: Characterization of the cDNA coding for rat brain cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase: brain and liver enzymes are identical proteins encoded by two distinct mRNAs. J Neurochem. 1999 Sep;73(3):903-12. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730903.x.
Pubmed: 10461879
Wyborski RJ, Bond RW, Gottlieb DI: Characterization of a cDNA coding for rat glutamic acid decarboxylase. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1990 Aug;8(3):193-8. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(90)90016-7.
Pubmed: 2170798
Julien JF, Samama P, Mallet J: Rat brain glutamic acid decarboxylase sequence deduced from a cloned cDNA. J Neurochem. 1990 Feb;54(2):703-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01928.x.
Pubmed: 2299361
Michelsen BK, Petersen JS, Boel E, Moldrup A, Dyrberg T, Madsen OD: Cloning, characterization, and autoimmune recognition of rat islet glutamic acid decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8754-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8754.
Pubmed: 1924335
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Pubmed: 15057822
Puente XS, Lopez-Otin C: A genomic analysis of rat proteases and protease inhibitors. Genome Res. 2004 Apr;14(4):609-22. doi: 10.1101/gr.1946304.
Pubmed: 15060002
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000021
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