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Pathway Description
Sulfate/Sulfite Metabolism
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-30
This pathway illustrates the conversion of sulfite to sulfate (via sulfate oxidase) and subsequent generation of adenylylsulfate (APS) via 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2. APS is converted to phosphoadenylyl-sulfate (PAPS) via adenylylsulfate kinase. APS can also be regenerated from PAPS by 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1. PAPS is eventually converted to adenosine bisophosphate (PAP) through the action of several different enzymes including aryl sulfotransferase, chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 13 and estrone sulfotransferase.
The metabolism pathway in question is important for many reasons. Recall, that the sulfite ion is in fact the conjugate base of sulfurous acid. Moreover, this ion is found naturally in one of the worlds most popular beverages, wines. Beyond its natural occurence, sulfite ion had the property of stopping fermentation. As such, the addition of it to products such as wine can be used either as a preservative or to stop the fermentation process at a moment which is of interest. Finally, this preservation property goes beyond merely wines, and finds utility in dried fruits, potatoes, etc.
References
Sulfate/Sulfite Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 15057822
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Pubmed: 22673903
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Pubmed: 10347153
Patel S, Yenush L, Rodriguez PL, Serrano R, Blundell TL: Crystal structure of an enzyme displaying both inositol-polyphosphate-1-phosphatase and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate phosphatase activities: a novel target of lithium therapy. J Mol Biol. 2002 Jan 25;315(4):677-85. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5271.
Pubmed: 11812139
Rikke BA, Roy AK: Structural relationships among members of the mammalian sulfotransferase gene family. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jul 17;1307(3):331-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(96)00065-6.
Pubmed: 8688469
Ozawa S, Nagata K, Gong DW, Yamazoe Y, Kato R: Nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA (PST-1) for aryl sulfotransferase from rat liver. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jul 11;18(13):4001. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.13.4001.
Pubmed: 2374726
Hirshey SJ, Dooley TP, Reardon IM, Heinrikson RL, Falany CN: Sequence analysis, in vitro translation, and expression of the cDNA for rat liver minoxidil sulfotransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;42(2):257-64.
Pubmed: 1513323
Khan AS, Taylor BR, Chung K, Etheredge J, Gonzales R, Ringer DP: Genomic structure of rat liver aryl sulfotransferase IV-encoding gene. Gene. 1993 Dec 31;137(2):321-6. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90028-2.
Pubmed: 8299966
Kohjitani A, Fuda H, Hanyu O, Strott CA: Cloning, characterization and tissue expression of rat SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b steroid/sterol sulfotransferase isoforms: divergence of the rat SULT2B1 gene structure from orthologous human and mouse genes. Gene. 2006 Feb 15;367:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.09.009. Epub 2005 Dec 20.
Pubmed: 16368200
Yamauchi S, Mita S, Matsubara T, Fukuta M, Habuchi H, Kimata K, Habuchi O: Molecular cloning and expression of chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8975-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8975.
Pubmed: 10722746
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000041
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