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Pathway Description
Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
Phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid, is an important component of fatty acid intake, occuring in meat, fish and dairy products. Due to its methylation, it cannot be a substrate for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cannot enter the mitochondrial beta oxidation pathway. Phytanic acid is instead activated to its CoA ester form by a CoA synthetase to phytanoyl-CoA, where it can begin the first cycle of alpha oxidation. Phytanoyl-CoA is a substrate for a specific alpha-hydroxylase (Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase), which adds a hydroxyl group to the α-carbon of phytanic acid, creating the 19-carbon homologue, pristanic acid. Pristanic acid then undergoes further metabolism through beta oxidation.
References
Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation References
Uchiyama A, Aoyama T, Kamijo K, Uchida Y, Kondo N, Orii T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding rat very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 29;271(48):30360-5. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.48.30360.
Pubmed: 8939997
Smith BT, Sengupta TK, Singh I: Intraperoxisomal localization of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase: implication in X-adrenoleukodystrophy. Exp Cell Res. 2000 Feb 1;254(2):309-20. doi: 10.1006/excr.1999.4757.
Pubmed: 10640429
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Foulon V, Antonenkov VD, Croes K, Waelkens E, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M: Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, a peroxisomal thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the carbon-carbon bond cleavage during alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10039-44. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10039.
Pubmed: 10468558
Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV: Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun. 2012 Jun 6;3:876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1871.
Pubmed: 22673903
Miyauchi K, Masaki R, Taketani S, Yamamoto A, Akayama M, Tashiro Y: Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for rat liver microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19536-42.
Pubmed: 1717467
Jansen GA, Ofman R, Denis S, Ferdinandusse S, Hogenhout EM, Jakobs C, Wanders RJ: Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase from rat liver. Protein purification and cDNA cloning with implications for the subcellular localization of phytanic acid alpha-oxidation. J Lipid Res. 1999 Dec;40(12):2244-54.
Pubmed: 10588950
Jansen GA, Ofman R, Ferdinandusse S, Ijlst L, Muijsers AO, Skjeldal OH, Stokke O, Jakobs C, Besley GT, Wraith JE, Wanders RJ: Refsum disease is caused by mutations in the phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase gene. Nat Genet. 1997 Oct;17(2):190-3. doi: 10.1038/ng1097-190.
Pubmed: 9326940
Albet S, Bentejac M, Savary S, Gondcaille C, Netik A, Berger J, Szpirer C, Troffer-Charlier N, Bugaut M: Rat adrenoleukodystrophy-related (ALDR) gene: full-length cDNA sequence and new insight in expression. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Jan 26;1517(2):257-69. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00291-8.
Pubmed: 11342107
Hoffert JD, Pisitkun T, Wang G, Shen RF, Knepper MA: Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 2;103(18):7159-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600895103. Epub 2006 Apr 25.
Pubmed: 16641100
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000450
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