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Pathway Description
Chitin Biosynthesis
Drosophila melanogaster
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-18
Last Updated: 2023-10-28
Chitin is a linear homopolymer of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine residues linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds to form microfibrils. These become the structural component to cell walls and many extracellular matrices such as cuticles and exoskeleton of insects. This process is highly conserved and occurs in many different organisms including insects and fungi. Chitin exist in several crystaline forms termed α, β and γ chitin, the most abundant being α chitin (reviewed in [Merzendorfer11]). Chitin and lipids are secreted by epidermal cells and form the basis for the cuticle material and layered structure.
References
Chitin Biosynthesis References
Merzendorfer H: The cellular basis of chitin synthesis in fungi and insects: common principles and differences. Eur J Cell Biol. 2011 Sep;90(9):759-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.04.014. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
Pubmed: 21700357
Arguelles JC: Physiological roles of trehalose in bacteria and yeasts: a comparative analysis. Arch Microbiol. 2000 Oct;174(4):217-24.
Pubmed: 11081789
Elbein AD, Pan YT, Pastuszak I, Carroll D: New insights on trehalose: a multifunctional molecule. Glycobiology. 2003 Apr;13(4):17R-27R. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwg047. Epub 2003 Jan 22.
Pubmed: 12626396
Moussian B, Schwarz H, Bartoszewski S, Nusslein-Volhard C: Involvement of chitin in exoskeleton morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Morphol. 2005 Apr;264(1):117-30. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10324.
Pubmed: 15747378
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Pubmed: 10731132
Misra S, Crosby MA, Mungall CJ, Matthews BB, Campbell KS, Hradecky P, Huang Y, Kaminker JS, Millburn GH, Prochnik SE, Smith CD, Tupy JL, Whitfied EJ, Bayraktaroglu L, Berman BP, Bettencourt BR, Celniker SE, de Grey AD, Drysdale RA, Harris NL, Richter J, Russo S, Schroeder AJ, Shu SQ, Stapleton M, Yamada C, Ashburner M, Gelbart WM, Rubin GM, Lewis SE: Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review. Genome Biol. 2002;3(12):RESEARCH0083. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083. Epub 2002 Dec 31.
Pubmed: 12537572
Stapleton M, Carlson J, Brokstein P, Yu C, Champe M, George R, Guarin H, Kronmiller B, Pacleb J, Park S, Wan K, Rubin GM, Celniker SE: A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource. Genome Biol. 2002;3(12):RESEARCH0080. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0080. Epub 2002 Dec 23.
Pubmed: 12537569
Duvernell DD, Eanes WF: Contrasting molecular population genetics of four hexokinases in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans and D. yakuba. Genetics. 2000 Nov;156(3):1191-201.
Pubmed: 11063694
Allikian MJ, Deckert-Cruz D, Rose MR, Landis GN, Tower J: Doxycycline-induced expression of sense and inverted-repeat constructs modulates phosphogluconate mutase (Pgm) gene expression in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol. 2002;3(5):research0021. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-5-research0021. Epub 2002 Apr 15.
Pubmed: 12049662
Verrelli BC, Eanes WF: The functional impact of Pgm amino acid polymorphism on glycogen content in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 2001 Sep;159(1):201-10.
Pubmed: 11560897
Verrelli BC, Eanes WF: Extensive amino acid polymorphism at the pgm locus is consistent with adaptive protein evolution in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 2000 Dec;156(4):1737-52.
Pubmed: 11102370
Celniker SE, Wheeler DA, Kronmiller B, Carlson JW, Halpern A, Patel S, Adams M, Champe M, Dugan SP, Frise E, Hodgson A, George RA, Hoskins RA, Laverty T, Muzny DM, Nelson CR, Pacleb JM, Park S, Pfeiffer BD, Richards S, Sodergren EJ, Svirskas R, Tabor PE, Wan K, Stapleton M, Sutton GG, Venter C, Weinstock G, Scherer SE, Myers EW, Gibbs RA, Rubin GM: Finishing a whole-genome shotgun: release 3 of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome sequence. Genome Biol. 2002;3(12):RESEARCH0079. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0079. Epub 2002 Dec 23.
Pubmed: 12537568
Mio T, Yabe T, Arisawa M, Yamada-Okabe H: The eukaryotic UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases. Gene cloning, protein expression, and catalytic mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 5;273(23):14392-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14392.
Pubmed: 9603950
Simon M, Benit P, Vassal A, Dubois C, Faye G: Sequence of the PHO2-POL3 (CDC2) region of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1994 Dec;10(12):1653-6. doi: 10.1002/yea.320101215.
Pubmed: 7725801
Saiz JE, Buitrago MJ, Garcia R, Revuelta JL, Del Rey F: The sequence of a 20.3 kb DNA fragment from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV contains the KIN28, MSS2, PHO2, POL3 and DUN1 genes, and six new open reading frames. Yeast. 1996 Sep;12(10B Suppl):1077-84. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199609)12:10B%3C1077::AID-YEA8%3E3.0.CO;2-Z.
Pubmed: 8896274
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