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Pathway Description
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Signaling
Created: 2018-08-31
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
The branched chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine is able to signal transduction pathways that modulate translation initiation for protein synthesis in skeleton muscles. In the presence of leucine, hyperphosphorylation of 4E-BP1 causes its affinity for eIF4E to be lowered. This allows eIF4F protein complexes to recognize, unfold and guide the mRNA to the 43S preinitiation complex thereby increasing translation initiation. In addition, leucine has a transient affect on the release of insulin and/or enhances sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. A culmination of both signals at the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and perhaps other signaling, such as PKCδ, are needed for maximum translation initiation to occur.
References
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling References
Zimin AV, Delcher AL, Florea L, Kelley DR, Schatz MC, Puiu D, Hanrahan F, Pertea G, Van Tassell CP, Sonstegard TS, Marcais G, Roberts M, Subramanian P, Yorke JA, Salzberg SL: A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Genome Biol. 2009;10(4):R42. doi: 10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r42. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
Pubmed: 19393038
Sneyers M, Kettmann R, Massart S, Renaville R, Burny A, Portetelle D: Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the beta-subunit of the bovine insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. DNA Seq. 1991;1(6):405-6.
Pubmed: 1662995
Coffer PJ, Woodgett JR: Molecular cloning and characterisation of a novel putative protein-serine kinase related to the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase C families. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Oct 15;201(2):475-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16305.x.
Pubmed: 1718748
Coffer PJ, Woodgett JR: Molecular cloning and characterisation of a novel putative protein-serine kinase related to the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase C families. Eur J Biochem. 1992 May 1;205(3):1217.
Pubmed: 1533586
Gao T, Furnari F, Newton AC: PHLPP: a phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Akt, promotes apoptosis, and suppresses tumor growth. Mol Cell. 2005 Apr 1;18(1):13-24. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.03.008.
Pubmed: 15808505
Long E, Capuco AV, Zhao X: Cloning of bovine eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) and its expression in the bovine mammary gland at different physiological stages. DNA Seq. 2001 Dec;12(5-6):319-29.
Pubmed: 11913777
D'Agostino J, Younes MA, White JW, Besch PK, Field JB, Frazier ML: Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for bovine preproinsulin. Mol Endocrinol. 1987 Apr;1(4):327-31. doi: 10.1210/mend-1-4-327.
Pubmed: 2456452
Nolan C, Margoliash E, Peterson JD, Steiner DF: The structure of bovine proinsulin. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 10;246(9):2780-95.
Pubmed: 4928892
SANGER F, TUPPY H: The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates. Biochem J. 1951 Sep;49(4):481-90. doi: 10.1042/bj0490481.
Pubmed: 14886311
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000682
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