Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Cadmium Induces DNA Synthesis and Proliferation in Macrophages
Mus musculus
Category:
Protein Pathway
Sub-Categories:
Immunological
Disease
Gene Regulatory
Cellular Response
Created: 2018-08-31
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) exposure increases the risk of cancer in humans and animals. Humans may come into contact with cadmium when smoking and ingesting contaminated food. This will increase the risk of lung cancer and prostate cancer. In the millimolar range, cadmium will inhibit cell growth. Cadmium induces DNA synthesis and proliferation and affects signal transduction and mobilization in macrophages. At micromolar concentrations, cadmium significantly increased cell division as judged by thymidine uptake and cell counts. Activating this pathway will increase the availability of the transcription factor NF(kappa)B and will activate the early genes c-fos and c-myc.
References
Cadmium Induces DNA Synthesis and Proliferation in Macrophages References
Rose-John S, Dietrich A, Marks F: Molecular cloning of mouse protein kinase C (PKC) cDNA from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Gene. 1988 Dec 30;74(2):465-71. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90179-5.
Pubmed: 2469625
Megidish T, Mazurek N: A mutant protein kinase C that can transform fibroblasts. Nature. 1989 Dec 14;342(6251):807-11. doi: 10.1038/342807a0.
Pubmed: 2601739
Kolch W, Heidecker G, Kochs G, Hummel R, Vahidi H, Mischak H, Finkenzeller G, Marme D, Rapp UR: Protein kinase C alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation. Nature. 1993 Jul 15;364(6434):249-52. doi: 10.1038/364249a0.
Pubmed: 8321321
Tang YM, Ashendel CL: Isolation of cloned mouse protein kinase C beta-II cDNA and its sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5310. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.17.5310.
Pubmed: 2402470
Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL, DiCuccio M, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Meric P, Maglott D, Birtle Z, Marques AC, Graves T, Zhou S, Teague B, Potamousis K, Churas C, Place M, Herschleb J, Runnheim R, Forrest D, Amos-Landgraf J, Schwartz DC, Cheng Z, Lindblad-Toh K, Eichler EE, Ponting CP: Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse. PLoS Biol. 2009 May 5;7(5):e1000112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112. Epub 2009 May 26.
Pubmed: 19468303
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Ghosh S, Gifford AM, Riviere LR, Tempst P, Nolan GP, Baltimore D: Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B: homology to rel and dorsal. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1019-29. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90276-k.
Pubmed: 2203532
Inoue J, Kerr LD, Kakizuka A, Verma IM: I kappa B gamma, a 70 kd protein identical to the C-terminal half of p110 NF-kappa B: a new member of the I kappa B family. Cell. 1992 Mar 20;68(6):1109-20. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90082-n.
Pubmed: 1339305
Gerondakis S, Morrice N, Richardson IB, Wettenhall R, Fecondo J, Grumont RJ: The activity of a 70 kilodalton I kappa B molecule identical to the carboxyl terminus of the p105 NF-kappa B precursor is modulated by protein kinase A. Cell Growth Differ. 1993 Aug;4(8):617-27.
Pubmed: 8398903
Nolan GP, Ghosh S, Liou HC, Tempst P, Baltimore D: DNA binding and I kappa B inhibition of the cloned p65 subunit of NF-kappa B, a rel-related polypeptide. Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):961-9. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90320-x.
Pubmed: 2001591
Linker RA, Baeuerle PA, Kaltschmidt C: Cloning of the murine relA (p65 NF-kappa B) gene and comparison to the human gene reveals a distinct first intron. Gene. 1996 Oct 17;176(1-2):119-24. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00231-4.
Pubmed: 8918242
Carninci P, Kasukawa T, Katayama S, Gough J, Frith MC, Maeda N, Oyama R, Ravasi T, Lenhard B, Wells C, Kodzius R, Shimokawa K, Bajic VB, Brenner SE, Batalov S, Forrest AR, Zavolan M, Davis MJ, Wilming LG, Aidinis V, Allen JE, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Apweiler R, Aturaliya RN, Bailey TL, Bansal M, Baxter L, Beisel KW, Bersano T, Bono H, Chalk AM, Chiu KP, Choudhary V, Christoffels A, Clutterbuck DR, Crowe ML, Dalla E, Dalrymple BP, de Bono B, Della Gatta G, di Bernardo D, Down T, Engstrom P, Fagiolini M, Faulkner G, Fletcher CF, Fukushima T, Furuno M, Futaki S, Gariboldi M, Georgii-Hemming P, Gingeras TR, Gojobori T, Green RE, Gustincich S, Harbers M, Hayashi Y, Hensch TK, Hirokawa N, Hill D, Huminiecki L, Iacono M, Ikeo K, Iwama A, Ishikawa T, Jakt M, Kanapin A, Katoh M, Kawasawa Y, Kelso J, Kitamura H, Kitano H, Kollias G, Krishnan SP, Kruger A, Kummerfeld SK, Kurochkin IV, Lareau LF, Lazarevic D, Lipovich L, Liu J, Liuni S, McWilliam S, Madan Babu M, Madera M, Marchionni L, Matsuda H, Matsuzawa S, Miki H, Mignone F, Miyake S, Morris K, Mottagui-Tabar S, Mulder N, Nakano N, Nakauchi H, Ng P, Nilsson R, Nishiguchi S, Nishikawa S, Nori F, Ohara O, Okazaki Y, Orlando V, Pang KC, Pavan WJ, Pavesi G, Pesole G, Petrovsky N, Piazza S, Reed J, Reid JF, Ring BZ, Ringwald M, Rost B, Ruan Y, Salzberg SL, Sandelin A, Schneider C, Schonbach C, Sekiguchi K, Semple CA, Seno S, Sessa L, Sheng Y, Shibata Y, Shimada H, Shimada K, Silva D, Sinclair B, Sperling S, Stupka E, Sugiura K, Sultana R, Takenaka Y, Taki K, Tammoja K, Tan SL, Tang S, Taylor MS, Tegner J, Teichmann SA, Ueda HR, van Nimwegen E, Verardo R, Wei CL, Yagi K, Yamanishi H, Zabarovsky E, Zhu S, Zimmer A, Hide W, Bult C, Grimmond SM, Teasdale RD, Liu ET, Brusic V, Quackenbush J, Wahlestedt C, Mattick JS, Hume DA, Kai C, Sasaki D, Tomaru Y, Fukuda S, Kanamori-Katayama M, Suzuki M, Aoki J, Arakawa T, Iida J, Imamura K, Itoh M, Kato T, Kawaji H, Kawagashira N, Kawashima T, Kojima M, Kondo S, Konno H, Nakano K, Ninomiya N, Nishio T, Okada M, Plessy C, Shibata K, Shiraki T, Suzuki S, Tagami M, Waki K, Watahiki A, Okamura-Oho Y, Suzuki H, Kawai J, Hayashizaki Y: The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1559-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1112014.
Pubmed: 16141072
Rupec RA, Poujol D, Grosgeorge J, Carle GF, Livolsi A, Peyron JF, Schmid RM, Baeuerle PA, Messer G: Structural analysis, expression, and chromosomal localization of the mouse ikba gene. Immunogenetics. 1999 May;49(5):395-403.
Pubmed: 10199915
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0063805
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings