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Pathway Description
Vitamin A Deficiency
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Disease
Created: 2018-09-10
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Vitamin A deficiency can be caused by many causes. A defect in the BCMO1 gene which codes for beta,beta-carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase is one of them. Beta,beta-carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase catalyzes the chemical reaction where the two substrates are beta-carotene and O2, whereas its product is retinal. A defect in this enzyme results in decrease of levels of retinal and vitamin A in serum; Signs and symptoms include night blindness, poor adaptation to darkness, dry skin and hair.
References
Vitamin A Deficiency References
Sommer A: Vitamin a deficiency and clinical disease: an historical overview. J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):1835-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1835.
Pubmed: 18806089
Retinol Metabolism References
Crabb DW, Edenberg HJ: Complete amino acid sequence of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase deduced from the cDNA sequence. Gene. 1986;48(2-3):287-91. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90087-9.
Pubmed: 2881847
Crabb DW, Stein PM, Dipple KM, Hittle JB, Sidhu R, Qulali M, Zhang K, Edenberg HJ: Structure and expression of the rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Genomics. 1989 Nov;5(4):906-14.
Pubmed: 2591969
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Chai X, Zhai Y, Popescu G, Napoli JL: Cloning of a cDNA for a second retinol dehydrogenase type II. Expression of its mRNA relative to type I. J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 24;270(47):28408-12. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.47.28408.
Pubmed: 7499345
Ohishi N, Imaoka S, Suzuki T, Funae Y: Characterization of two P-450 isozymes placed in the rat CYP2D subfamily. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 28;1158(3):227-36. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(93)90019-5.
Pubmed: 8251521
Chai X, Boerman MH, Zhai Y, Napoli JL: Cloning of a cDNA for liver microsomal retinol dehydrogenase. A tissue-specific, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 24;270(8):3900-4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.8.3900.
Pubmed: 7876135
Chai X, Zhai Y, Napoli JL: Cloning of a rat cDNA encoding retinol dehydrogenase isozyme type III. Gene. 1996 Mar 9;169(2):219-22. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00833-0.
Pubmed: 8647450
Ghersevich S, Nokelainen P, Poutanen M, Orava M, Autio-Harmainen H, Rajaniemi H, Vihko R: Rat 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: primary structure and regulation of enzyme expression in rat ovary by diethylstilbestrol and gonadotropins in vivo. Endocrinology. 1994 Oct;135(4):1477-87. doi: 10.1210/endo.135.4.7925110.
Pubmed: 7925110
Akinola LA, Poutanen M, Vihko R: Cloning of rat 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and characterization of tissue distribution and catalytic activity of rat type 1 and type 2 enzymes. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):1572-9. doi: 10.1210/endo.137.5.8612487.
Pubmed: 8612487
Akinola LA, Poutanen M, Peltoketo H, Vihko R, Vihko P: Characterization of rat 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene and mRNA transcripts. Gene. 1998 Feb 27;208(2):229-38. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00669-0.
Pubmed: 9524272
Wu BX, Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Rohrer B, Crouch RK, Ma JX: Identification of RDH10, an All-trans Retinol Dehydrogenase, in Retinal Muller Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Nov;45(11):3857-62. doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-1302.
Pubmed: 15505029
Rexer BN, Ong DE: A novel short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase from rats with retinol dehydrogenase activity, cyclically expressed in uterine epithelium. Biol Reprod. 2002 Nov;67(5):1555-64. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.007021.
Pubmed: 12390888
Zolfaghari R, Ross AC: Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase from mouse and rat liver. CDNA cloning and liver-specific regulation by dietary vitamin a and retinoic acid. J Lipid Res. 2000 Dec;41(12):2024-34.
Pubmed: 11108736
MacDonald PN, Ong DE: Evidence for a lecithin-retinol acyltransferase activity in the rat small intestine. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 5;263(25):12478-82.
Pubmed: 3410848
Randolph RK, Ross AC: Vitamin A status regulates hepatic lecithin: retinol acyltransferase activity in rats. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 5;266(25):16453-7.
Pubmed: 1885578
Manes G, Leducq R, Kucharczak J, Pages A, Schmitt-Bernard CF, Hamel CP: Rat messenger RNA for the retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65 gradually accumulates in two weeks from late embryonic days. FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 20;423(2):133-7. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00081-7.
Pubmed: 9512345
Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Metzker ML, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Scherer S, Scott G, Steffen D, Worley KC, Burch PE, Okwuonu G, Hines S, Lewis L, DeRamo C, Delgado O, Dugan-Rocha S, Miner G, Morgan M, Hawes A, Gill R, Celera, Holt RA, Adams MD, Amanatides PG, Baden-Tillson H, Barnstead M, Chin S, Evans CA, Ferriera S, Fosler C, Glodek A, Gu Z, Jennings D, Kraft CL, Nguyen T, Pfannkoch CM, Sitter C, Sutton GG, Venter JC, Woodage T, Smith D, Lee HM, Gustafson E, Cahill P, Kana A, Doucette-Stamm L, Weinstock K, Fechtel K, Weiss RB, Dunn DM, Green ED, Blakesley RW, Bouffard GG, De Jong PJ, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Marra M, Schein J, Bosdet I, Fjell C, Jones S, Krzywinski M, Mathewson C, Siddiqui A, Wye N, McPherson J, Zhao S, Fraser CM, Shetty J, Shatsman S, Geer K, Chen Y, Abramzon S, Nierman WC, Havlak PH, Chen R, Durbin KJ, Egan A, Ren Y, Song XZ, Li B, Liu Y, Qin X, Cawley S, Worley KC, Cooney AJ, D'Souza LM, Martin K, Wu JQ, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Jackson AR, Kalafus KJ, McLeod MP, Milosavljevic A, Virk D, Volkov A, Wheeler DA, Zhang Z, Bailey JA, Eichler EE, Tuzun E, Birney E, Mongin E, Ureta-Vidal A, Woodwark C, Zdobnov E, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Alexandersson M, Trask BJ, Young JM, Huang H, Wang H, Xing H, Daniels S, Gietzen D, Schmidt J, Stevens K, Vitt U, Wingrove J, Camara F, Mar Alba M, Abril JF, Guigo R, Smit A, Dubchak I, Rubin EM, Couronne O, Poliakov A, Hubner N, Ganten D, Goesele C, Hummel O, Kreitler T, Lee YA, Monti J, Schulz H, Zimdahl H, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Jacob HJ, Bromberg S, Gullings-Handley J, Jensen-Seaman MI, Kwitek AE, Lazar J, Pasko D, Tonellato PJ, Twigger S, Ponting CP, Duarte JM, Rice S, Goodstadt L, Beatson SA, Emes RD, Winter EE, Webber C, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Adetobi M, Chiaromonte F, Elnitski L, Eswara P, Hardison RC, Hou M, Kolbe D, Makova K, Miller W, Nekrutenko A, Riemer C, Schwartz S, Taylor J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Lindpaintner K, Andrews TD, Caccamo M, Clamp M, Clarke L, Curwen V, Durbin R, Eyras E, Searle SM, Cooper GM, Batzoglou S, Brudno M, Sidow A, Stone EA, Venter JC, Payseur BA, Bourque G, Lopez-Otin C, Puente XS, Chakrabarti K, Chatterji S, Dewey C, Pachter L, Bray N, Yap VB, Caspi A, Tesler G, Pevzner PA, Haussler D, Roskin KM, Baertsch R, Clawson H, Furey TS, Hinrichs AS, Karolchik D, Kent WJ, Rosenbloom KR, Trumbower H, Weirauch M, Cooper DN, Stenson PD, Ma B, Brent M, Arumugam M, Shteynberg D, Copley RR, Taylor MS, Riethman H, Mudunuri U, Peterson J, Guyer M, Felsenfeld A, Old S, Mockrin S, Collins F: Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):493-521. doi: 10.1038/nature02426.
Pubmed: 15057822
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000336
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