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Pathway Description
Galactosemia III
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Disease
Created: 2018-09-10
Last Updated: 2019-09-15
Galactosemia III also called GALE deficiency or UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder caused by either a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) gene. GALE catalyses the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose in galactose metabolism. Symptoms are similar to classic galactosemia, including jaundice, vomiting, hypotonia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, moderate generalized amino aciduria and marked galactosuria. Treatment usually includes galactose restricted diets instead of galactose free diets in the management of this disorder because unlike patients with galactokinase deficiency and classic galactosemia, patients with galactose epimerase deficiency cannot utilize the endogenous pathway for synthesis of UDP-galactose. This makes patients dependent on exogenous galactose.
References
Galactosemia III References
Dias Costa F, Ferdinandusse S, Pinto C, Dias A, Keldermans L, Quelhas D, Matthijs G, Mooijer PA, Diogo L, Jaeken J, Garcia P: Galactose Epimerase Deficiency: Expanding the Phenotype. JIMD Rep. 2017;37:19-25. doi: 10.1007/8904_2017_10. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Pubmed: 28247339
Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism References
Arden C, Baltrusch S, Agius L: Glucokinase regulatory protein is associated with mitochondria in hepatocytes. FEBS Lett. 2006 Apr 3;580(8):2065-70. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
Pubmed: 16542652
Andreone TL, Printz RL, Pilkis SJ, Magnuson MA, Granner DK: The amino acid sequence of rat liver glucokinase deduced from cloned cDNA. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 5;264(1):363-9.
Pubmed: 2909525
Hayzer DJ, Iynedjian PB: Alternative splicing of glucokinase mRNA in rat liver. Biochem J. 1990 Aug 15;270(1):261-3. doi: 10.1042/bj2700261.
Pubmed: 2396986
Rivera AA, Elton TS, Dey NB, Bounelis P, Marchase RB: Isolation and expression of a rat liver cDNA encoding phosphoglucomutase. Gene. 1993 Nov 15;133(2):261-6. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90649-n.
Pubmed: 8224913
Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV: Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun. 2012 Jun 6;3:876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1871.
Pubmed: 22673903
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Metzker ML, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Scherer S, Scott G, Steffen D, Worley KC, Burch PE, Okwuonu G, Hines S, Lewis L, DeRamo C, Delgado O, Dugan-Rocha S, Miner G, Morgan M, Hawes A, Gill R, Celera, Holt RA, Adams MD, Amanatides PG, Baden-Tillson H, Barnstead M, Chin S, Evans CA, Ferriera S, Fosler C, Glodek A, Gu Z, Jennings D, Kraft CL, Nguyen T, Pfannkoch CM, Sitter C, Sutton GG, Venter JC, Woodage T, Smith D, Lee HM, Gustafson E, Cahill P, Kana A, Doucette-Stamm L, Weinstock K, Fechtel K, Weiss RB, Dunn DM, Green ED, Blakesley RW, Bouffard GG, De Jong PJ, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Marra M, Schein J, Bosdet I, Fjell C, Jones S, Krzywinski M, Mathewson C, Siddiqui A, Wye N, McPherson J, Zhao S, Fraser CM, Shetty J, Shatsman S, Geer K, Chen Y, Abramzon S, Nierman WC, Havlak PH, Chen R, Durbin KJ, Egan A, Ren Y, Song XZ, Li B, Liu Y, Qin X, Cawley S, Worley KC, Cooney AJ, D'Souza LM, Martin K, Wu JQ, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Jackson AR, Kalafus KJ, McLeod MP, Milosavljevic A, Virk D, Volkov A, Wheeler DA, Zhang Z, Bailey JA, Eichler EE, Tuzun E, Birney E, Mongin E, Ureta-Vidal A, Woodwark C, Zdobnov E, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Alexandersson M, Trask BJ, Young JM, Huang H, Wang H, Xing H, Daniels S, Gietzen D, Schmidt J, Stevens K, Vitt U, Wingrove J, Camara F, Mar Alba M, Abril JF, Guigo R, Smit A, Dubchak I, Rubin EM, Couronne O, Poliakov A, Hubner N, Ganten D, Goesele C, Hummel O, Kreitler T, Lee YA, Monti J, Schulz H, Zimdahl H, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Jacob HJ, Bromberg S, Gullings-Handley J, Jensen-Seaman MI, Kwitek AE, Lazar J, Pasko D, Tonellato PJ, Twigger S, Ponting CP, Duarte JM, Rice S, Goodstadt L, Beatson SA, Emes RD, Winter EE, Webber C, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Adetobi M, Chiaromonte F, Elnitski L, Eswara P, Hardison RC, Hou M, Kolbe D, Makova K, Miller W, Nekrutenko A, Riemer C, Schwartz S, Taylor J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Lindpaintner K, Andrews TD, Caccamo M, Clamp M, Clarke L, Curwen V, Durbin R, Eyras E, Searle SM, Cooper GM, Batzoglou S, Brudno M, Sidow A, Stone EA, Venter JC, Payseur BA, Bourque G, Lopez-Otin C, Puente XS, Chakrabarti K, Chatterji S, Dewey C, Pachter L, Bray N, Yap VB, Caspi A, Tesler G, Pevzner PA, Haussler D, Roskin KM, Baertsch R, Clawson H, Furey TS, Hinrichs AS, Karolchik D, Kent WJ, Rosenbloom KR, Trumbower H, Weirauch M, Cooper DN, Stenson PD, Ma B, Brent M, Arumugam M, Shteynberg D, Copley RR, Taylor MS, Riethman H, Mudunuri U, Peterson J, Guyer M, Felsenfeld A, Old S, Mockrin S, Collins F: Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):493-521. doi: 10.1038/nature02426.
Pubmed: 15057822
Florea L, Di Francesco V, Miller J, Turner R, Yao A, Harris M, Walenz B, Mobarry C, Merkulov GV, Charlab R, Dew I, Deng Z, Istrail S, Li P, Sutton G: Gene and alternative splicing annotation with AIR. Genome Res. 2005 Jan;15(1):54-66. doi: 10.1101/gr.2889405.
Pubmed: 15632090
Moriarity JL, Hurt KJ, Resnick AC, Storm PB, Laroy W, Schnaar RL, Snyder SH: UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in proteoglycan synthesis: cloning, characterization, and localization. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16968-75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109316200. Epub 2002 Feb 27.
Pubmed: 11877387
Heidenreich RA, Mallee J, Segal S: Rat galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase coding sequence, transcription start site and genomic organization. DNA Seq. 1993;3(5):311-8.
Pubmed: 8400361
Zeschnigk M, von Wilcken-Bergmann B, Starzinski-Powitz A: cDNA from rat cells with reconstitutive galactose-epimerase activity in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5289. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.17.5289.
Pubmed: 2205840
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000496
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