Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (E3)
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Disease
Created: 2018-09-10
Last Updated: 2019-09-15
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, which is also known as DLDD, DLD, E3 deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency, DLD deficiency, E3-deficient maple syrup urine disease, is a rare inherited inborn error of metabolism. DLD deficiency occurs in an estimated 1 in 35 000 to 48 000 individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. DLDD is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by mutations to the DLD gene, which codes for dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD). DLD is a flavoprotein enzyme that oxidizes dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide. The DLD homodimer functions as the E3 component of the pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and branched-chain amino acid-dehydrogenase complexes and the glycine cleavage system, all of which are located in the mitochondrial matrix. DLDD is a combined deficiency of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDC). A common feature of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency is a potentially life-threatening buildup of lactic acid in tissues (lactic acidosis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, severe breathing problems, and an abnormal heartbeat. Neurological problems are also common in this condition; the first symptoms in affected infants are often decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) and extreme tiredness (lethargy). E3 deficiency is often associated with increased urinary excretion of alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate. E3 deficiency can also be associated with increased concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, as observed in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and is sometimes referred to as MSUD type III, although patients with E3 deficiency have additional biochemical defects.
References
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (E3) References
Brown GK, Otero LJ, LeGris M, Brown RM: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Med Genet. 1994 Nov;31(11):875-9.
Pubmed: 7853374
Citric Acid Cycle References
Matuda S, Nakano K, Ohta S, Saheki T, Kawanishi Y, Miyata T: The alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Sequence similarity of rat pyruvate dehydrogenase with Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 May 2;1089(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(91)90076-x.
Pubmed: 2025639
Cullingford TE, Clark JB, Phillips IR: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: cloning of the rat somatic E1 alpha subunit and its coordinate expression with the mRNAs for the E1 beta, E2, and E3 catalytic subunits in developing rat brain. J Neurochem. 1994 May;62(5):1682-90. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62051682.x.
Pubmed: 8158120
Rardin MJ, Wiley SE, Naviaux RK, Murphy AN, Dixon JE: Monitoring phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Anal Biochem. 2009 Jun 15;389(2):157-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.03.040. Epub 2009 Mar 31.
Pubmed: 19341700
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Matuda S, Nakano K, Ohta S, Shimura M, Yamanaka T, Nakagawa S, Titani K, Miyata T: Molecular cloning of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase of the rat pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: sequence comparison and evolutionary relationship to other dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 May 7;1131(1):114-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90109-d.
Pubmed: 1581353
Gershwin ME, Mackay IR, Sturgess A, Coppel RL: Identification and specificity of a cDNA encoding the 70 kd mitochondrial antigen recognized in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Immunol. 1987 May 15;138(10):3525-31.
Pubmed: 3571977
Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV: Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun. 2012 Jun 6;3:876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1871.
Pubmed: 22673903
Khan SA, Suryawanshi AR, Ranpura SA, Jadhav SV, Khole VV: Identification of novel immunodominant epididymal sperm proteins using combinatorial approach. Reproduction. 2009 Jul;138(1):81-93. doi: 10.1530/REP-09-0052. Epub 2009 May 7.
Pubmed: 19423663
Shinohara Y, Daikoku T, Kajimoto K, Shima A, Yamazaki N, Terada H: Expression of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in brown adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 2;281(3):634-8. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4351.
Pubmed: 11237704
Brenner V, Nyakatura G, Rosenthal A, Platzer M: Genomic organization of two novel genes on human Xq28: compact head to head arrangement of IDH gamma and TRAP delta is conserved in rat and mouse. Genomics. 1997 Aug 15;44(1):8-14. doi: 10.1006/geno.1997.4822.
Pubmed: 9286695
Nichols BJ, Hall L, Perry AC, Denton RM: Molecular cloning and deduced amino acid sequences of the gamma-subunits of rat and monkey NAD(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenases. Biochem J. 1993 Oct 15;295 ( Pt 2):347-50. doi: 10.1042/bj2950347.
Pubmed: 8240232
Nakano K, Matuda S, Yamanaka T, Tsubouchi H, Nakagawa S, Titani K, Ohta S, Miyata T: Purification and molecular cloning of succinyltransferase of the rat alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Absence of a sequence motif of the putative E3 and/or E1 binding site. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 5;266(28):19013-7.
Pubmed: 1918017
Henning WD, Upton C, McFadden G, Majumdar R, Bridger WA: Cloning and sequencing of the cytoplasmic precursor to the alpha subunit of rat liver mitochondrial succinyl-CoA synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1432-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1432.
Pubmed: 3422742
Suzuki T, Sato M, Yoshida T, Tuboi S: Rat liver mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases with identical amino acid sequences are encoded from a single gene. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 15;264(5):2581-6.
Pubmed: 2914923
Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Metzker ML, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Scherer S, Scott G, Steffen D, Worley KC, Burch PE, Okwuonu G, Hines S, Lewis L, DeRamo C, Delgado O, Dugan-Rocha S, Miner G, Morgan M, Hawes A, Gill R, Celera, Holt RA, Adams MD, Amanatides PG, Baden-Tillson H, Barnstead M, Chin S, Evans CA, Ferriera S, Fosler C, Glodek A, Gu Z, Jennings D, Kraft CL, Nguyen T, Pfannkoch CM, Sitter C, Sutton GG, Venter JC, Woodage T, Smith D, Lee HM, Gustafson E, Cahill P, Kana A, Doucette-Stamm L, Weinstock K, Fechtel K, Weiss RB, Dunn DM, Green ED, Blakesley RW, Bouffard GG, De Jong PJ, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Marra M, Schein J, Bosdet I, Fjell C, Jones S, Krzywinski M, Mathewson C, Siddiqui A, Wye N, McPherson J, Zhao S, Fraser CM, Shetty J, Shatsman S, Geer K, Chen Y, Abramzon S, Nierman WC, Havlak PH, Chen R, Durbin KJ, Egan A, Ren Y, Song XZ, Li B, Liu Y, Qin X, Cawley S, Worley KC, Cooney AJ, D'Souza LM, Martin K, Wu JQ, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Jackson AR, Kalafus KJ, McLeod MP, Milosavljevic A, Virk D, Volkov A, Wheeler DA, Zhang Z, Bailey JA, Eichler EE, Tuzun E, Birney E, Mongin E, Ureta-Vidal A, Woodwark C, Zdobnov E, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Alexandersson M, Trask BJ, Young JM, Huang H, Wang H, Xing H, Daniels S, Gietzen D, Schmidt J, Stevens K, Vitt U, Wingrove J, Camara F, Mar Alba M, Abril JF, Guigo R, Smit A, Dubchak I, Rubin EM, Couronne O, Poliakov A, Hubner N, Ganten D, Goesele C, Hummel O, Kreitler T, Lee YA, Monti J, Schulz H, Zimdahl H, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Jacob HJ, Bromberg S, Gullings-Handley J, Jensen-Seaman MI, Kwitek AE, Lazar J, Pasko D, Tonellato PJ, Twigger S, Ponting CP, Duarte JM, Rice S, Goodstadt L, Beatson SA, Emes RD, Winter EE, Webber C, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Adetobi M, Chiaromonte F, Elnitski L, Eswara P, Hardison RC, Hou M, Kolbe D, Makova K, Miller W, Nekrutenko A, Riemer C, Schwartz S, Taylor J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Lindpaintner K, Andrews TD, Caccamo M, Clamp M, Clarke L, Curwen V, Durbin R, Eyras E, Searle SM, Cooper GM, Batzoglou S, Brudno M, Sidow A, Stone EA, Venter JC, Payseur BA, Bourque G, Lopez-Otin C, Puente XS, Chakrabarti K, Chatterji S, Dewey C, Pachter L, Bray N, Yap VB, Caspi A, Tesler G, Pevzner PA, Haussler D, Roskin KM, Baertsch R, Clawson H, Furey TS, Hinrichs AS, Karolchik D, Kent WJ, Rosenbloom KR, Trumbower H, Weirauch M, Cooper DN, Stenson PD, Ma B, Brent M, Arumugam M, Shteynberg D, Copley RR, Taylor MS, Riethman H, Mudunuri U, Peterson J, Guyer M, Felsenfeld A, Old S, Mockrin S, Collins F: Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):493-521. doi: 10.1038/nature02426.
Pubmed: 15057822
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000550
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings