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Pathway Description
Paritaprevir Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-04-06
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Paritaprevir is a direct acting antiviral agent used in combination with other antiviral agents for the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections.
Hepatitis C virus lipoviroparticles enter target hepatocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The lipoviroparticles attach to LDL-R and SR-B1, and then the virus binds to CD81 and subsequently claudin-1 and occludin, which mediate the late steps of viral entry. The virus is internalized by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. RNA is released from the mature Hepatitis C virion and translated at the rough endoplasmic reticulum into a single Genome polyprotein.
Paritaprevir accumulates in the liver after uptake into hepatocytes via solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1. Paritaprevir inhibits NS3/4A protease, which is an enzyme that cleaves the heptatitis C virus polyprotein downstream of the NS3 proteolytic site, which generates nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. These proteins are required in viral RNA replication, therefore because of the inhibition of their formation, RNA replication cannot occur. Because RNA replication does not occur, the mature virion is unable to form.
At higher concentration above their antiviral half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), Paritaprevir and other NS3/4A inhibitors also restore interferon (IFN)-signaling pathways that are thought to be disrupted by NS3/4A protease and recover innate immune processes. NS3/4A protease cleaves two essential adaptor proteins that initiate signaling leading to activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and IFN-α/β synthesis, which are mitochondrial antiviral-signaling proteins.
References
Paritaprevir Pathway References
Klibanov OM, Gale SE, Santevecchi B: Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir tablets for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 May;49(5):566-81. doi: 10.1177/1060028015570729. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
Pubmed: 25680759
Hull MW, Yoshida EM, Montaner JS: Update on Current Evidence for Hepatitis C Therapeutic Options in HCV Mono-infected Patients. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 Jul;18(7):22. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0527-8.
Pubmed: 27357277
Lam JT, Salazar L: New combination antiviral for the treatment of hepatitis C. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2016 Jul 15;73(14):1042-50. doi: 10.2146/ajhp150163. Epub 2016 May 23.
Pubmed: 27217519
Myers RP, Shah H, Burak KW, Cooper C, Feld JJ: An update on the management of chronic hepatitis C: 2015 Consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;29(1):19-34. doi: 10.1155/2015/692408. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
Pubmed: 25585348
Moradpour D, Penin F: Hepatitis C virus proteins: from structure to function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;369:113-42. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-27340-7_5.
Pubmed: 23463199
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Abe T, Kakyo M, Tokui T, Nakagomi R, Nishio T, Nakai D, Nomura H, Unno M, Suzuki M, Naitoh T, Matsuno S, Yawo H: Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17159-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17159.
Pubmed: 10358072
Hsiang B, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Sasseville V, Yang WP, Kirchgessner TG: A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 24;274(52):37161-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.52.37161.
Pubmed: 10601278
Konig J, Cui Y, Nies AT, Keppler D: A novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Jan;278(1):G156-64. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.1.G156.
Pubmed: 10644574
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