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Type-1 angiotensin II receptor Type-1 angiotensin II receptor Type-1 angiotensin II receptor Type-1 angiotensin II receptor Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 NMDA Receptor Angiotensin- converting enzyme Angiotensinogen Renin Cathepsin G Chymase Angiotensin II L-Glutamic acid zofenoprilat Aldosterone Vasopressin L-Glutamic acid Na+ Na+ H+ H+ Zofenopril Zofenopril zofenoprilat Angiotensin I Aldosterone Production Vasopressin Release Vasoconstriction Thirst Sensation Liver Kidney Lungs Kidney Posterior Pituitary gland (Hypothalamus) Blood Vessel Astrocyte Zofenopril is a prodrug. It is converted by the liver into Zofenoprilat. In its active form, the active drug sent to circulate in the blood to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme. Zofenopril is administered via oral consumption to then go through the liver for first pass metabolism to convert to its active form Zofenoprilat is a competitive inhibitor binding to the active site that Angiotensin I would bind to. Once angiotensin converting enzyme is inhibited so Angiotensin I is not converted into Angiotensin II, all of Angiotensin II's downstream effects are reduced Paraventricular Nucleus Neuron (PVN Neuron) Angiotensin II binds to the Type-1 receptors on the kidney to release Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that encourages the increased uptake of water and sodium via the distal and collecting duct. Due to the increase in water and sodium in the blood vessel because of the uptake leads to increased blood pressure. Angiotensin II inhibited aldosterone production is reduced. Angiotensin II binds to the Type-1 receptors on the posterior pituitary gland which results in the release of vasopressin. Vasopressin is a hormone that acts on the collecting tubules in order to increase water uptake and thus increasing blood pressure. Angiotensin II inhibited reduces the release of vasopressin resulting in decreased blood pressure. Hepatocyte Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor as it acts on Type-1 receptors that causes the blood vessels to constrict, which increases the blood pressure. Inhibition of Angiotensin II leads to no vasoconstriction and decreased peripheral resistance. Angiotensin II acts on the Type-1 receptor on the astrocyte, which inhibits the uptake of L-glutamic acid into the astrocyte. With Angiotensin II inhibited, the transporter is activated and begins to transport L-glutamic acid into the astrocyte reducing its levels outside the cell. L-glutamic acid acts on an NMDA receptor on the Paraventricular Nucleus Neuron which activates the thirst response in people. With reduced L-glutamic acid the thirst sensation is not activated.
AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 SLC1A1 GRIN1 ACE AGT REN CTSG CMA1 Angiotensin II L-Glutamic acid zofenoprilat Aldosterone Vasopressin L-Glutamic acid Sodium Sodium Hydrogen Ion Hydrogen Ion Zofenopril Zofenopril zofenoprilat Angiotensin I Aldosterone Production Vasopressin Release Vasoconstriction Thirst Sensation
AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 SLC1A1 GRIN1 ACE AGT REN CTSG CMA1 Ang II Glu zofen Aldostr ADH Glu Na+ Na+ H+ H+ Zofen Zofen zofen Angio1 Ald Pro Vas Rel Vasoc Thi Sen Liver Kidney Lungs Kidney Posterior Pituitary gland (Hypothalamus) Blood Vessel Astrocyte Zofenopril is a prodrug. It is converted by the liver into Zofenoprilat. In its active form, the active drug sent to circulate in the blood to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme. Zofenopril is administered via oral consumption to then go through the liver for first pass metabolism to convert to its active form Zofenoprilat is a competitive inhibitor binding to the active site that Angiotensin I would bind to. Once angiotensin converting enzyme is inhibited so Angiotensin I is not converted into Angiotensin II, all of Angiotensin II's downstream effects are reduced Paraventricular Nucleus Neuron (PVN Neuron) Angiotensin II binds to the Type-1 receptors on the kidney to release Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that encourages the increased uptake of water and sodium via the distal and collecting duct. Due to the increase in water and sodium in the blood vessel because of the uptake leads to increased blood pressure. Angiotensin II inhibited aldosterone production is reduced. Angiotensin II binds to the Type-1 receptors on the posterior pituitary gland which results in the release of vasopressin. Vasopressin is a hormone that acts on the collecting tubules in order to increase water uptake and thus increasing blood pressure. Angiotensin II inhibited reduces the release of vasopressin resulting in decreased blood pressure. Hepatocyte Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor as it acts on Type-1 receptors that causes the blood vessels to constrict, which increases the blood pressure. Inhibition of Angiotensin II leads to no vasoconstriction and decreased peripheral resistance. Angiotensin II acts on the Type-1 receptor on the astrocyte, which inhibits the uptake of L-glutamic acid into the astrocyte. With Angiotensin II inhibited, the transporter is activated and begins to transport L-glutamic acid into the astrocyte reducing its levels outside the cell. L-glutamic acid acts on an NMDA receptor on the Paraventricular Nucleus Neuron which activates the thirst response in people. With reduced L-glutamic acid the thirst sensation is not activated.
AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 AGTR1 SLC1A1 GRIN1 ACE AGT REN CTSG CMA1 Ang II Glu zofen Aldostr ADH Glu Na+ Na+ H+ H+ Zofen Zofen zofen Angio1 Ald Pro Vas Rel Vasoc Thi Sen