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Pathway Description
Sulodexide Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-05-30
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Sulodexide mixture of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), dermatan sulfate (DS) and fast-moving heparin. Its mechanism of action inhibits coagulation by inhibiting antithrombin III thus stopping the conversion of prothrombin and thrombin. Doing that also inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin halting the clotting factor. Sulodexide is administered via oral, intravenous or intramuscular, it is mainly metabolized by the liver. It is eliminated through renal, fecal and bile routes, and sometimes adverse effects occur that relate to the gastrointestinal system. Some other adverse reaction to sulodexide despite being fairly well tolerated includes diarrhea, epigastralgia, dyspepsia, heartburn and dizziness. Some allergic reactions can cause skin rash but these occurrences are rare.
References
Sulodexide Pathway References
Cosmi B, Cini M, Legnani C, Pancani C, Calanni F, Coccheri S: Additive thrombin inhibition by fast moving heparin and dermatan sulfate explains the anticoagulant effect of sulodexide, a natural mixture of glycosaminoglycans. Thromb Res. 2003 Mar 15;109(5-6):333-9. doi: 10.1016/s0049-3848(03)00246-9.
Pubmed: 12818259
Harenberg J: Review of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic properties of sulodexide. Med Res Rev. 1998 Jan;18(1):1-20. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199801)18:1<1::aid-med1>3.0.co;2-4.
Pubmed: 9436179
Lasierra-Cirujeda J, Coronel P, Aza M, Gimeno M: Use of sulodexide in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Blood Med. 2010;1:105-15. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S10558. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Pubmed: 22282689
Chung DW, Chan WY, Davie EW: Characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid coding for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen. Biochemistry. 1983 Jun 21;22(13):3250-6. doi: 10.1021/bi00282a033.
Pubmed: 6688357
Rixon MW, Chung DW, Davie EW: Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen. Biochemistry. 1985 Apr 9;24(8):2077-86. doi: 10.1021/bi00329a041.
Pubmed: 2990550
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Bock SC, Wion KL, Vehar GA, Lawn RM: Cloning and expression of the cDNA for human antithrombin III. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 20;10(24):8113-25. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.24.8113.
Pubmed: 6298709
Chandra T, Stackhouse R, Kidd VJ, Woo SL: Isolation and sequence characterization of a cDNA clone of human antithrombin III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1845-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1845.
Pubmed: 6572945
Olds RJ, Lane DA, Chowdhury V, De Stefano V, Leone G, Thein SL: Complete nucleotide sequence of the antithrombin gene: evidence for homologous recombination causing thrombophilia. Biochemistry. 1993 Apr 27;32(16):4216-24. doi: 10.1021/bi00067a008.
Pubmed: 8476848
Messier TL, Pittman DD, Long GL, Kaufman RJ, Church WR: Cloning and expression in COS-1 cells of a full-length cDNA encoding human coagulation factor X. Gene. 1991 Mar 15;99(2):291-4. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90141-w.
Pubmed: 1902434
Leytus SP, Foster DC, Kurachi K, Davie EW: Gene for human factor X: a blood coagulation factor whose gene organization is essentially identical with that of factor IX and protein C. Biochemistry. 1986 Sep 9;25(18):5098-102. doi: 10.1021/bi00366a018.
Pubmed: 3768336
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
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