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Pathway Description
Dexamethasone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-06-05
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Dexamethasone, also known as MK-125, is a fluorinated glucocorticoid available in various modes of administration (tablet, intravenous injections, eye drops, and intramuscular injections) that is used for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions, including bronchial asthma, as well as endocrine and rheumatic disorders. This drug is similar in structure to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone. As dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid, its mechanism of action is that of the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of influencing COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 suppression and lipocortin/annexin induction. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence the effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Dexamethasone also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases the concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation.
References
Dexamethasone Pathway References
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