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Pathway Description
Hydrocortisone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-06-07
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Hydrocortisone, also known as Cortisol, is a glucocorticoid used to treat corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, endocrine disorders, immune conditions, and allergic disorders. It is naturally secreted by the adrenal cortex. Hydrocortisone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor leading to downstream effects such as inhibition of phospholipase A2, NF-kappa B, other inflammatory transcription factors, and the promotion of anti-inflammatory genes. Its mechanism of action is that of the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of influencing COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 suppression and lipocortin/annexin induction. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence the effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Hydrocortisone also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases the concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation. Hydrocortisone is administered via many different routes: oral granule, oral capsule, topical lotion, topical cream, topical ointment, and rectal suspension.
References
Hydrocortisone Pathway References
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