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Alpha-1A
adrenergic
receptor
Beta-1
adrenergic
receptor
Beta-2
adrenergic
receptor
Sodium-
dependent
noradrenaline
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Dopamine beta-
hydroxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Ca
+
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Atomoxetine
Norepinephrine
Ca
+
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine
L-Dopa
Dopamine
CO
2
Ascorbic acid
O
2
Dehydroascorbic acid
H
2
O
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Pyrroloquinoline
quinone
Copper
Fe2+
Gq signaling
cascade
Gs signaling
cascade
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Norepinephrine is
synthesized and stored in
synaptic vesicles at the
nerve terminal.
Atomoxetine inhibits the
norepinephrine reuptake
transporter, thereby
increasing synaptic
norepinephrine levels.
Improvement of ADHD symptoms
Norepinephrine activates
post synaptic adrenergic
receptors which are
responsible for mood
improvements.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Diffusion
ADRA1A
ADRB1
ADRB2
SLC6A2
SLC18A2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
DDC
DBH
TH
Calcium
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Atomoxetine
Norepinephrine
Calcium
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine
L-Dopa
Dopamine
Carbon dioxide
Ascorbic acid
Oxygen
Dehydroascorbic
acid
Water
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Gq signaling
cascade
Gs signaling
cascade