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Pathway Description
Oxyphenonium Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-06-26
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Oxyphenonium is a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of atropine. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. Oxyphenonium is an anticholinergic drug, a medication that reduces the effect of acetylcholine, a chemical released from nerves that stimulates muscles, by blocking the receptors for acetylcholine on smooth muscle (a type of muscle). It also has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle. Oxyphenonium is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in the irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, Oxyphenonium inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility and decreases gastric acid secretion and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretions. Action is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). The M1 receptor activates the Gq signalling cascade which increases intracellular contractions of calcium via increased levels of cAMP and PKA. By blocking this action, intracellular concentrations of calcium are decreased and muscle contraction is inhibited leading to smooth muscle relaxation. This relaxation of the smooth muscle prevents the spasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Possible side effects of using oxyphenonium may include dry mouth, nausea, blurred vision, and confusion.
References
Oxyphenonium Pathway References
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