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Pathway Description
Dipivefrin B2-Adrenergic Ciliary Muscle Relaxation Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-07-27
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine used in ophthalmic solutions to reduce intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma. It is available as ophthalmic solution (eye drops). Dipivefrin is a prodrug with little or no pharmacologically activity until it is hydrolyzed into epinephrine inside the human eye. The liberated epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, appears to exert its action by stimulating α -and/or β2-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease in aqueous production and an enhancement of outflow facility. The dipivefrin prodrug delivery system is a more efficient way of delivering the therapeutic effects of epinephrine, with fewer side effects than are associated with conventional epinephrine therapy. Stimulation of β2 receptors by circulating epinephrine increases flow by increasing cAMP which leads to ciliary smooth muscle relaxation, this relaxation allows the outflow of the aqueous humour to increase, effectively reducing intraocular pressure. Some side effects of dipivefrin may include irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, pain or swelling of the eye, skin rash, and eye watering.
References
Dipivefrin B2-Adrenergic Ciliary Muscle Relaxation Pathway References
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